did YK-11 cause the published liver injury case?
the human case is serious and cannot identify one culprit because several SARMs were reported together.
verdict: serious mixed-exposure signal, single-compound causality unresolved (case-level warning / attribution limited)
quick answer
the published cholestatic liver-injury case involved YK-11, LGD-4033, and RAD-140 together. It supports a strong warning about the exposure pattern but cannot assign causality or an incidence rate to YK-11 alone.
the evidence
the case belongs in the safety record. (supported)
A clinically significant cholestatic liver injury occurred in the setting of a multi-SARM exposure that included YK-11.
the case cannot identify one cause. (gap)
Several compounds were reported together. No rechallenge, controlled comparison, or YK-11-only human trial closes attribution.
the preclinical record adds uncertainty, not a safety margin. (risk)
Mouse-cell and animal studies report androgen-receptor, inflammatory, oxidative-stress, and mitochondrial effects, while no measured parent half-life or controlled human safety study exists.
bottom line
uncertain attribution is not evidence of safety.
scores
- controlled human trials: 0 — none located
- case signal: 58 — serious outcome with mixed exposure
- single-compound attribution: 14 — several SARMs involved
- safety uncertainty: 96 — PK and incidence both unknown
keep reading
- open YK-11 entry — identity, animal data, and legal uncertainty
- androgen category — sarm-adjacent evidence lane
- YK-11 vs testosterone — human evidence contrast
reptides grades the research record and cites the literature behind every call. research reference only; not medical advice.
