5-amino-1mq
An experimental NNMT inhibitor that reduced body weight or limited weight gain in short mouse studies. The cited evidence does not establish a human dosing regimen or clinical benefit.
Small-molecule NNMT inhibitor
- Small molecule, not a peptide
- Outcome evidence: mice
- Human dosing unestablished
What is 5-amino-1MQ?
5-amino-1MQ is an experimental small molecule that inhibits NNMT, an enzyme involved in nicotinamide metabolism. It is being studied for obesity and related metabolic problems.
It is not a peptide. The name means 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium. Papers and suppliers may describe different salt forms, so a milligram amount is incomplete without identifying the chemical form.
2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original source2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceWhat does blocking NNMT actually do?
NNMT converts nicotinamide into 1-methylnicotinamide while using a methyl donor called SAM. Blocking that reaction changed fat-cell metabolism in laboratory experiments.
Cultured fat cells had less 1-methylnicotinamide, more intracellular NAD+ and SAM, and less lipid production. Those findings explain why researchers tested the compound in obese mice. They do not show that a person taking it will raise NAD+ by a predictable amount.
2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original sourceHow much weight or fat did it reduce?
Mouse studies found weight loss under some conditions and less weight gain under others. No human weight-loss estimate has been established.
| Study | Finding | Study limitation |
|---|---|---|
| 2018, 11 days | Mean weight change: −2.0 g with treatment; +0.6 g with saline. | Nine mice per group; injected treatment. |
| 2021, diet switch | More weight and fat loss with drug plus a lean diet than with the diet switch alone. | Both groups changed diet. |
| 2024, about one month | Mean weight gain: +0.9 g in the high-dose group; +5.4 g in controls. | This was reduced gain, not loss below starting weight. |
2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original source2021 mouse study · diet plus NNMT inhibition
Animal experiment
Scientific reports. PMID 33707534.
Adding an NNMT inhibitor to a switch from a high-fat diet to a lean diet increased weight and fat loss compared with the diet switch alone. The higher lean-mass-to-body-weight ratio does not itself demonstrate new muscle growth.
- Participants / model
- Diet-induced obese mice, with lean and obese control groups.
- Follow-up
- About seven weeks
The diet changed alongside drug treatment. The 2022 microbiome publication reports companion analyses, not an independent repeat of the weight-loss experiment.
Read the original source2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceDid it build muscle?
The 2021 study reported a higher proportion of body weight as lean mass. That ratio can improve when fat falls. The 2024 study found no significant main treatment effect on lean mass. Neither establishes muscle growth in people.
2021 mouse study · diet plus NNMT inhibition
Animal experiment
Scientific reports. PMID 33707534.
Adding an NNMT inhibitor to a switch from a high-fat diet to a lean diet increased weight and fat loss compared with the diet switch alone. The higher lean-mass-to-body-weight ratio does not itself demonstrate new muscle growth.
- Participants / model
- Diet-induced obese mice, with lean and obese control groups.
- Follow-up
- About seven weeks
The diet changed alongside drug treatment. The 2022 microbiome publication reports companion analyses, not an independent repeat of the weight-loss experiment.
Read the original source2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceDo oral capsules reproduce the research?
The main obesity experiments used subcutaneous injections. Oral dosing produced low exposure in the 2024 mouse pharmacokinetic experiment.
That study estimated 3.5% oral bioavailability in mice. Human absorption and the safety or efficacy of larger oral doses have not been measured.
2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceAre chloride and iodide interchangeable?
They contain the same named cation with different counterions. Salt mass and active-compound mass differ. The 2018 methods explicitly account for this distinction; copying a number while dropping its chemical form changes what the number means.
2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original sourceWhat is its half-life?
No human pharmacokinetic study has established a half-life. Published animal values vary by species, route, and formulation.
In the 2024 mouse study, estimated terminal half-lives were roughly 13 hours after subcutaneous dosing and 15 hours after oral dosing. The oral concentration was much lower. A long terminal tail does not mean an effective concentration persists throughout that time.
2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original sourceHas it been tested in people?
All metabolic outcome data come from mice. ClinicalTrials.gov listed no exact-name human study.
That leaves basic questions unanswered: whether it causes meaningful fat loss in people, which route provides useful exposure, and what adverse effects occur at that exposure.
ClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original sourceDoes the microbiome paper add another trial?
The paper analyzes gut bacteria from the diet-switch experiment. Changes in bacterial abundance do not prove improved digestion or general gut health.
2022 companion study · gut bacteria
Animal companion analysis
Scientific reports. PMID 35013352.
The researchers analyzed cecal microbiomes from the diet-switch experiment. Bacterial patterns differed between treatment groups, but alpha diversity did not differ significantly. This does not establish better gut health, symptom relief or a human microbiome benefit.
Shares the underlying animal experiment with the 2021 report. It should not be counted as another independent efficacy trial.
Read the original sourceWhat side effects and risks are known?
No human trial provides adverse-event rates or a safe exposure range. Short mouse studies cannot resolve long-term liver, cardiovascular, reproductive, or neurological safety.
At 10 µM, the 2024 laboratory panel found 67.4% inhibition of monoamine oxidase A. Whether a clinical human exposure would inhibit MAO-A is unknown.
2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original sourceCan it be combined with GLP-1 drugs, stimulants or NAD+ products?
No human combination study measured safety or added benefit with GLP-1 drugs, stimulants, or NAD+ products.
The MAO-A screen cannot supply a clinical interaction list. No study tested whether combining the compound with an NAD+ product improves an outcome.
2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original source2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original sourceClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original sourceIs there a proven dose, cycle length or maintenance plan?
No human regimen or post-treatment follow-up is available. Animal schedules cannot supply a human dose, cycle length, or maintenance plan.
The missing follow-up also prevents a supported prediction about rebound weight, lasting benefit or withdrawal symptoms. Online schedules do not fill those gaps.
ClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original source2021 mouse study · diet plus NNMT inhibition
Animal experiment
Scientific reports. PMID 33707534.
Adding an NNMT inhibitor to a switch from a high-fat diet to a lean diet increased weight and fat loss compared with the diet switch alone. The higher lean-mass-to-body-weight ratio does not itself demonstrate new muscle growth.
- Participants / model
- Diet-induced obese mice, with lean and obese control groups.
- Follow-up
- About seven weeks
The diet changed alongside drug treatment. The 2022 microbiome publication reports companion analyses, not an independent repeat of the weight-loss experiment.
Read the original source2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceStudies and sources
2018 mouse study · weight and fat
Animal experiment
Biochemical pharmacology. PMID 29155147.
Nine obese mice per group received injections or saline for 11 days. Treated mice lost a mean 2.0 g, about 5.1% of starting weight; controls gained 0.6 g. Food intake did not differ significantly. Epididymal fat-pad mass was lower in the treated group.
- Participants / model
- Male diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice; nine per group.
- Treatment
- Subcutaneous 5-amino-1MQ, three times daily. The paper distinguishes salt weight from parent-compound weight.
- Follow-up
- 11 days
Small, short animal experiment. The percentage is body-weight change in mice, not expected human fat loss.
Read the original source2021 mouse study · diet plus NNMT inhibition
Animal experiment
Scientific reports. PMID 33707534.
Adding an NNMT inhibitor to a switch from a high-fat diet to a lean diet increased weight and fat loss compared with the diet switch alone. The higher lean-mass-to-body-weight ratio does not itself demonstrate new muscle growth.
- Participants / model
- Diet-induced obese mice, with lean and obese control groups.
- Follow-up
- About seven weeks
The diet changed alongside drug treatment. The 2022 microbiome publication reports companion analyses, not an independent repeat of the weight-loss experiment.
Read the original source2022 companion study · gut bacteria
Animal companion analysis
Scientific reports. PMID 35013352.
The researchers analyzed cecal microbiomes from the diet-switch experiment. Bacterial patterns differed between treatment groups, but alpha diversity did not differ significantly. This does not establish better gut health, symptom relief or a human microbiome benefit.
Shares the underlying animal experiment with the 2021 report. It should not be counted as another independent efficacy trial.
Read the original source2024 mouse study · weight gain, absorption and off-target screen
Animal experiment and pharmacokinetics
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. PMID 39161060.
Over about a month, high-dose treated mice gained 0.9 g versus 5.4 g in controls. The study also measured route-dependent exposure and screened other molecular targets. Oral bioavailability was 3.5% in the tested mouse regimen.
Limiting weight gain is different from losing starting weight. Mouse pharmacokinetics cannot define human oral absorption, half-life or dosing.
Read the original sourceClinicalTrials.gov · no exact-name human study
Registry record set
ClinicalTrials.gov records.
ClinicalTrials.gov contained no exact-name registered study. The cited literature and registry records contain no human administration report.
ClinicalTrials.gov does not capture unregistered exposure and does not substitute for a completed study report.
Read the original sourceWhy is 5-amino-1mq in C tier?
C reflects short mouse metabolic studies, low oral exposure in mice, and no human administration study in the cited records.