larazotide vs vip

larazotide (D-tier) vs vip (D-tier). mechanism, trials, evidence boundaries, dosing literature. side-by-side reference.

larazotide · tier D

larazotide acetate (AT-1001) is an eight-amino-acid oral tight-junction regulator. a celiac phase 2b found a symptom benefit at 0.5 mg three times daily, but the pivotal phase 3 was terminated after an interim sample-size review and posted no results.

the phase 2b symptom signal did not become pivotal confirmation: the celiac phase 3 was terminated without posted results. the molecule remains in a separate Long COVID study, also without posted results, and has no US approval.

342 adults in the published celiac phase 2b · half-life systemic half-life not established; company assays did not detect larazotide or peptide metabolites in human serum · healing

vip · tier D

a chemical the body makes in its own gut, lungs and nerves to widen blood vessels and relax the muscle in the walls of airways and gut. drug companies made a synthetic copy of it and took it into trials for damaged lungs. four randomized trials in COVID-19 respiratory failure, a 665-patient meta-analysis, and a plasma half-time of about one minute. the biggest trial was stopped for futility. the one trial that clearly beat placebo is for erectile dysfunction, an indication nobody researches it for.

it was tested properly for damaged lungs and it failed there. given by intravenous drip for COVID-19 lung failure, the trials came back with no benefit. injected into the penis with phentolamine it produces an erection in most men, and that combination is licensed in three countries as Invicorp. a 461-patient NIH-run phase 3 halted for futility, a pooled survival odds ratio of 1.01 across the two randomized trials in the 2025 meta-analysis (611 patients), and one clearly positive randomized trial in erectile dysfunction by intracavernosal injection.

phase 3 TESICO · stopped for futility 2022 · half-life ~1 minute plasma disappearance half-time (IV, human, n=4) · healing

at a glance

• larazotide: tier D · 342 adults in the published celiac phase 2b
• vip: tier D · phase 3 TESICO · stopped for futility 2022

reptides grades the research record and cites the literature behind every call. research reference only; not medical advice.