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310 peptides and compounds graded S to F by published evidence, with 4,744 cited sources. zero peptide-vendor affiliate links.

310 peptides and compounds · 4,744 cited sources · 107 comparisons · 21 claim checks · 11 guides

guides

• peptides for weight loss · the strongest obesity outcomes sit in the incretin class, while non-incretin human trials and high-risk research compounds need separate evidence lanes.
• peptides for muscle growth · recombinant hGH has the deepest peptide-adjacent human record on this page, and what that record documents is lean mass rather than strength. the androgen lane has different biology, evidence, and risks, so it is mapped separately rather than folded into a peptide ranking.
• peptides for healing · the healing-peptide shelf is built on rodent data. zero compounds in this category have a phase-3 tendon or wound-repair indication.
• peptides for growth hormone · the actual hormone, an approved IGF-1 replacement, then secretagogues with different evidence and regulatory records.
• peptides for skin · ghk-cu is the only skin peptide with a fifty-year mechanistic file. everything else on this page is a smaller bet.
• peptides for hair growth · the direct benchmark lane includes minoxidil and oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors; copper peptides and RU58841 answer different evidence questions.
• peptides for libido · one peptide cleared fda for low libido in women. central melanocortin, not vascular.
• peptides for focus · semax and selank are russian-academy prescription drugs with three decades of clinical use. dihexa is a wsu rodent paper with a c-met problem. those are not the same category.
• peptides for longevity · longevity is where peptide marketing runs furthest ahead of the data. claims ranked by evidence quality.
• peptides for tanning · two peptides drive cosmetic tanning at the melanocortin receptors. one has an FDA approval for a rare photosensitivity disorder; the other is the community default that everyone actually uses.
• androgens + anabolics · androgens are not peptides. this page compares the depth and limits of their evidence, not what a person should take.

peptides and compounds

• Abaloparatide · tier S · Abaloparatide is an FDA-approved subcutaneous bone-anabolic peptide for high-risk osteoporosis. It reduced vertebral fractures in studied postmenopausal women; it is not an adult-height intervention.
• Dulaglutide · tier S · Dulaglutide (TRULICITY) is an FDA-approved once-weekly injectable for type 2 diabetes, with phase 3 AWARD trials and REWIND, a 9,901-person cardiovascular outcomes trial. Its weight effect is modest and not a labeled use, and no obesity-indication trial was found.
• Eplerenone · tier S · Eplerenone is an FDA-approved mineralocorticoid receptor blocker for heart failure after a heart attack and for hypertension, backed by two large placebo-controlled outcome trials. No study found tested it for fluid retention or heart fibrosis in anabolic steroid or growth hormone users.
• Estradiol · tier S · Estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen and an FDA-approved drug across multiple distinct formulations. Oral, transdermal, vaginal, valerate, and cypionate records are not interchangeable.
• Ezetimibe · tier S · Ezetimibe is an FDA-approved LDL-lowering medicine that blocks intestinal cholesterol absorption, with an 18,144-patient outcome trial showing a small added benefit on top of simvastatin. No study compared it with a statin during oral anabolic steroid use, and it is not liver-neutral.
• Finasteride · tier S · Finasteride is an oral type-II 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor with an FDA-approved male-pattern-hair-loss indication in men and large randomized hair-count trials.
• ghk-cu · tier S · the copper peptide with the strongest skin evidence in the catalog. topical record first, injectable story thinner.
• hcg · tier S · A placental glycoprotein hormone that activates the LH receptor. Product form and labeled route matter.
• hgh · tier S · growth hormone. banned in sports, standard at every anti-aging clinic, expensive. works, with trade-offs.
• Hydrochlorothiazide · tier S · Hydrochlorothiazide is a long-established FDA-approved diuretic for edema and hypertension, with a 13,523-patient trial showing outcomes no different from chlorthalidone. No study tested it for water retention or blood pressure from anabolic steroids, and it lowers potassium.
• insulin · tier S · Insulin is the peptide hormone that controls blood glucose and an essential diabetes medicine. Bodybuilders use it hoping to drive nutrients into muscle, but controlled human work shows less muscle-protein breakdown, not a continuing rise in muscle-protein synthesis.
• Isotretinoin · tier S · Isotretinoin is an FDA-approved oral retinoid for severe recalcitrant nodular acne, with a boxed warning for birth defects and distribution only through the iPLEDGE REMS. No study found tests it as the only treatment that works for anabolic-steroid acne.
• Levothyroxine · tier S · Levothyroxine replaces T4 when the thyroid cannot supply enough. That earns its S grade. People with normal thyroid tests have not shown the same energy or cognitive benefit, and persistent symptoms during treatment need more explanation than a normal TSH alone.
• liraglutide · tier S · A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist sold under separate Saxenda and Victoza labels.
• Mecasermin · tier S · Mecasermin is recombinant human IGF-1 approved as subcutaneous Increlex for a narrow pediatric severe-primary-IGF-1-deficiency indication. It is not a general height, adult-wellness, or muscle drug.
• Menotropins · tier S · Current US Menopur is a subcutaneous urinary menotropins product for developing multiple follicles and pregnancy in ovulatory women during an ART cycle. It is fertility medicine, not sexual-performance or hormone-optimization treatment.
• Minoxidil · tier S · Minoxidil has separate evidence lanes: FDA-reviewed topical products for pattern hair loss and an oral tablet labeled for severe hypertension. Oral hair use is off-label.
• orforglipron · tier S · foundayo. the first non-peptide small-molecule oral GLP-1 receptor agonist. a once-daily pill, no injection, FDA-approved april 2026 for chronic weight management.
• Orlistat · tier S · Orlistat is an FDA-approved lipase inhibitor sold as prescription XENICAL and over-the-counter alli. It blocks dietary fat absorption and produces a modest weight loss when paired with a reduced-calorie diet.
• Oxandrolone · tier S · Anavar is oral oxandrolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid used in bodybuilding for muscle, strength, and a leaner or harder look.
• Oxymetholone · tier S · an oral 17-alpha-alkylated anemia drug with legal FDA approval but no active US marketing, controlled human lean-mass data, severe dose-related hepatic toxicity, and animal-only terminal half-life.
• Phentermine · tier S · Phentermine is an FDA-approved, Schedule IV short-term adjunct for weight reduction, and its label calls the added weight loss clinically limited. Modern phase 3 data exist only for the phentermine and topiramate combination, and no randomized long-term phentermine-alone trial has reported.
• retatrutide · tier S · the most potent weight loss drug ever tested. 24.2% in phase 2, then 28.3% in TRIUMPH-1 phase 3, 30.3% at two years. not approved yet.
• Rosuvastatin · tier S · Rosuvastatin is an FDA-approved statin with large outcome trials in people without cardiovascular disease and a class meta-analysis of about 170,000 people. No trial tested any lipid-lowering drug in anabolic steroid users, and the supplier's ezetimibe-first order has no study behind it.
• semaglutide · tier S · A GLP-1 receptor agonist with current US injection and oral products for distinct labeled uses.
• Sildenafil · tier S · Sildenafil is an FDA-approved medicine for erectile dysfunction (VIAGRA) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (REVATIO), backed by large randomized trials and meta-analyses. No trial found tests it for muscle pump or lifting performance in healthy people.
• tadalafil · tier S · this is cialis, the erection pill. the same molecule does three jobs. it helps men with erectile dysfunction get an erection, it eases the urinary symptoms of an enlarged prostate, and at 40 mg, under the name adcirca, it treats high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. a pde5 inhibitor with a 17.5-hour mean half-life, two decades of approved human trials, and a research channel selling two other molecules under its name.
• Telmisartan · tier S · Telmisartan is a long-acting blood-pressure medicine with large cardiovascular outcome trials. Its metabolic evidence is mixed: some small studies in insulin-resistant patients found benefits, while other trials were neutral. It has no established role as a fat-loss drug or protection against every cardiovascular effect of anabolic steroids.
• Teriparatide · tier S · Teriparatide is an FDA-approved PTH 1-34 injection for osteoporosis at high fracture risk, with large fracture trials behind it. No human study supports its off-label use to increase height, and the label says to avoid use with open epiphyses.
• tesamorelin · tier S · the FDA-approved injection that targets visceral fat. the dangerous kind.
• testosterone · tier S · the male sex hormone. the approved products replace it in men whose own production has failed, and above that range the same molecule adds muscle and strength with no training at all. schedule iii controlled substance in the us. educational record only, not medical advice.
• tirzepatide · tier S · A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with distinct Zepbound and Mounjaro labels.
• Albuterol · tier A · Albuterol, also called salbutamol, reliably opens narrowed airways. Oral exposure has also increased sprint power and lean mass in small human trials. Those gains came with physiological trade-offs, including weaker aerobic training adaptations; ordinary inhaler studies often found no performance benefit.
• Anastrozole · tier A · Anastrozole is an FDA-approved aromatase inhibitor for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The randomized gynecomastia studies in boys and in men starting bicalutamide were negative, and searches on 9 October 2026 found no study of it for estrogen control in anabolic steroid users.
• armodafinil · tier A · Armodafinil treats excessive sleepiness and preserves vigilance during acute sleep loss. It does not replace sleep or establish better cognition in rested healthy people.
• Bimagrumab · tier A · Bimagrumab is an investigational activin type II receptor antibody with randomized intravenous evidence for reducing body weight and fat mass while preserving or increasing lean mass. FDA's July 2026 Purple Book data snapshot had no bimagrumab or listed development-identifier entry when checked on August 15, 2026.
• bpc-157 · tier A · the contested repair peptide. strong animal data, thin human trials, huge community gravity.
• bpc-157 + kpv blend · tier A · gut and systemic anti-inflammatory repair. bpc-157 carries the blend, kpv adds the NF-kB anti-inflammatory leg. strong mechanism, thinner human proof on the second component.
• bpc+tb blend · tier A · the wolverine stack. bpc-157 + tb-500. coherent repair logic, heavy clinic folklore, zero controlled trials on the blend.
• Cabergoline · tier A · Cabergoline is an FDA-approved dopamine agonist for hyperprolactinemic disorders. In men with prolactinomas, erections normalized with prolactin, but three PubMed searches on 9 October 2026 found no study of it in steroid users, and its label requires an echocardiogram because of heart valve risk.
• cjc-1295 · tier A · growth hormone without injecting growth hormone. tells your pituitary to make its own. paired with ipamorelin.
• cjc+ipa blend · tier A · clinic-standard GH-axis pairing. cjc-1295 + ipamorelin. receptor logic first, blend trial evidence still thin.
• Clascoterone · tier A · Clascoterone is an FDA-approved topical androgen receptor inhibitor for acne vulgaris, supported by two phase 3 trials with a modest effect. Its sebum, scalp androgen and hair-loss claims rest on one uncontrolled study, cell culture and trials with no posted results.
• Clomiphene · tier A · Clomiphene has live-birth evidence for selected female ovulatory infertility and reliably raises hormones in many selected low-testosterone men. Male symptoms, pregnancy outcomes, post-AAS recovery, and healthy performance remain weak or unproved.
• Clonidine · tier A · Clonidine is an FDA-approved central alpha2 agonist for hypertension, with an extended-release form labeled for pediatric ADHD. No study tested it for stimulant comedown or a wired-but-tired state, and it sedates and suppresses REM sleep.
• Dutasteride · tier A · Dutasteride inhibits type-I and type-II 5-alpha-reductase. Two randomized oral trials support male androgenetic-alopecia outcomes, but US Avodart approval is for BPH, not hair loss.
• Ecnoglutide · tier A · Ecnoglutide is an injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist from Hangzhou Sciwind Biosciences, reported approved in China in 2026 for type 2 diabetes and weight management. Its peer-reviewed phase 3 result in obesity is -13.2% of body weight at week 40 at 2.4 mg, and the 15.4% at 48 weeks figure is a company statement.
• Empagliflozin · tier A · Empagliflozin is an FDA-approved SGLT2 inhibitor for heart failure, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, with large outcome trials. No human study tests it in people using anabolic-androgenic steroids.
• Exemestane · tier A · Exemestane is an FDA-approved steroidal aromatase inactivator for postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. In males the record is one 10-day hormone study in 12 healthy young males, and searches on 9 October 2026 found no study of it for gynecomastia or estradiol control in men or steroid users.
• Exenatide · tier A · Exenatide is an FDA-approved injectable for type 2 diabetes that produces a small weight loss by injection. Searches on 9 October 2026 found no published human efficacy, pharmacokinetic or safety data for oral, sublingual, buccal or intranasal exenatide.
• ghk-cu + bpc blend · tier A · the surface-and-structure repair pairing. ghk-cu rebuilds skin and collagen, bpc-157 works on connective tissue and gut. component evidence first, fixed-blend trial evidence absent.
• glow · tier A · klow without kpv. ghk-cu, bpc-157 and tb-500, with ghk-cu dominant by weight.
• Ketoconazole · tier A · Ketoconazole is an antifungal with FDA-approved shampoos for dandruff and tinea versicolor, neither labeled for hair loss. The hair-loss data are small and mostly uncontrolled, and the anti-androgen effect is documented for oral dosing and cell culture, not for the shampoo.
• Ketotifen · tier A · Ketotifen is an approved antiallergic, FDA-approved as eye drops and authorized orally in several EU countries. Its off-label pairing with clenbuterol rests on small volunteer and asthma receptor studies, and no study measured fat loss, muscle or performance.
• klow · tier A · four-peptide clinic blend for skin, hair, collagen, and recovery. component logic first; blend evidence still missing.
• L-carnitine · tier A · Levocarnitine is an endogenous fatty-acid carrier with approved deficiency indications and modest, inconsistent weight-loss evidence. The approved injection is intravenous and indication-specific.
• Lemborexant · tier A · Lemborexant has replicated adult-insomnia efficacy. It can impair cognition during the active night window, and one small 2026 shift-worker trial reported sleep-linked cognitive recovery.
• Letrozole · tier A · Letrozole is an FDA-approved aromatase inhibitor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, with phase 3 data behind that use. It lowers estradiol in men, but no study found tests it for gynecomastia or estrogen control in men using anabolic steroids.
• Liothyronine · tier A · Liothyronine is active T3. It has clinical replacement uses, mixed evidence for persistent thyroid symptoms and depression augmentation, and clear effects on energy metabolism. Those effects do not establish healthy cognitive enhancement or fat loss that preserves muscle.
• Low-dose naltrexone · tier A · Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) is the FDA-approved opioid blocker naltrexone taken at a few milligrams a day, off label, for fibromyalgia, autoimmune conditions and mood. The low-dose trials are mostly null: the larger fibromyalgia trials, a multiple sclerosis trial and a depression trial found no meaningful benefit over placebo.
• mazdutide · tier A · the GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist approved in China. ~14% weight loss in GLORY-1 phase 3 at 48 weeks, ~20% at the higher dose. not FDA-approved.
• Methylene blue · tier A · Methylene blue is a redox-active phenothiazinium drug. Its FDA approval treats acquired methemoglobinemia; cognition evidence is a small acute experiment, not a chronic nootropic program.
• Mirabegron · tier A · Mirabegron is an FDA-approved beta-3 adrenergic agonist for overactive bladder. It activates brown fat in small studies at doses above the labeled maximum, and no trial has tested it for weight loss or body composition.
• Mirodenafil · tier A · Mirodenafil is a PDE5 inhibitor approved in South Korea since 2007 for erectile dysfunction, with placebo-controlled trials in Korean men. It is not approved in the US, and erectile dysfunction is its most-studied use, not an overlooked one.
• Modafinil · tier A · Modafinil is an oral Schedule IV wake-promoting drug approved for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift-work disorder. Those indications do not establish broad cognitive enhancement in rested healthy people.
• N-acetylcysteine · tier A · N-acetylcysteine is an FDA-approved acetaminophen antidote and mucolytic, also sold as a supplement. No human trial tests it for liver protection during oral steroid use.
• Nandrolone · tier A · Deca and NPP are injectable nandrolone esters. People seek them for mass, strength, and joint comfort, but those three claims do not have the same evidence.
• Nebivolol · tier A · Nebivolol lowers blood pressure through beta1 blockade and nitric-oxide-linked vasodilation. Compared with some older beta blockers, it can better preserve erectile function and metabolic measures. That is a useful clinical distinction; evidence for boosting healthy libido, testosterone or athletic performance is much weaker.
• Oveporexton · tier A · Oveporexton is an orexin receptor 2 agonist with an FDA approval letter for narcolepsy type 1 in adults, backed by two positive phase 3 trials. Marketing waits on DEA scheduling, and no human trial tests it as a wakefulness or cognition agent in healthy people.
• piracetam · tier A · Piracetam has a narrow supported use in cortical myoclonus. Healthy-memory evidence is fragile, and a 676-person one-year MCI trial was null.
• Pramlintide · tier A · Pramlintide is the FDA-approved amylin analog SYMLIN, an add-on for people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who use mealtime insulin. AstraZeneca AB reported discontinuing manufacture, weight loss in trials was modest, and it never led to an obesity approval.
• Propranolol · tier A · Propranolol is an FDA-approved beta blocker with eight labeled indications and a 3,837-patient post-heart-attack mortality trial. The supplier uses for anxiety, sleep and clenbuterol or albuterol heart rate are not labeled, and the evidence found does not support them.
• pt-141 · tier A · the FDA-approved sex peptide for acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. off-label male use is a separate evidence lane.
• Raloxifene · tier A · Raloxifene is an FDA-approved SERM for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and for reducing breast cancer risk, and its label says use in men is not recommended. The claim that it beats tamoxifen for gynecomastia traces to one retrospective chart review of 38 adolescents.
• Roxadustat · tier A · Roxadustat is an oral HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor approved outside the US for anemia of chronic kidney disease, with large phase 3 trials and a cardiovascular safety signal. No completed trial measured endurance performance, and it is prohibited in sport.
• Setmelanotide · tier A · Setmelanotide (IMCIVREE) is an FDA-approved MC4R agonist for acquired hypothalamic obesity, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and POMC, PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency. The label excludes general obesity, and no weight trial in general obesity was found.
• Sitagliptin · tier A · Sitagliptin is an FDA-approved oral DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 does cleave growth hormone releasing hormone in plasma, but searches on 9 October 2026 found no study that co-administered sitagliptin with an injected peptide.
• Spironolactone · tier A · Spironolactone is an FDA-approved aldosterone antagonist for heart failure, hypertension, edema and primary hyperaldosteronism. Acne is supported in women, hair loss weakly in women, and no trial found supports use in men or for fluid shedding in healthy people.
• ss-31 · tier A · the first mitochondria-targeted peptide drug. FDA-approved september 2025. for Barth syndrome, studied for heart failure.
• survodutide · tier A · Investigational GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist. In a phase 3 obesity trial, mean weight loss was 13.0% versus 5.4% with placebo at 76 weeks. Separate trials studied MASH and liver fibrosis.
• Tamoxifen · tier A · Tamoxifen is an FDA-approved antiestrogen for breast cancer in women and men. In men starting bicalutamide it cut gynecomastia, and it raises LH, FSH and testosterone in healthy men, but searches on 9 October 2026 found no controlled trial of it for gynecomastia or hormonal recovery in steroid users.
• tb-500 · tier A · names a 7-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4, but the vial you buy is a coin toss: fragment, full-length protein, or mislabeled. the COA mass is the only thing that knows.
• tesa+ipa blend · tier A · the GH-axis pairing built on the one GHRH leg that carries an FDA approval, tesamorelin, run alongside ipamorelin. the components are strong, the use is off-label, and the blend itself has no trial.
• Tranylcypromine · tier A · Tranylcypromine is an FDA-approved monoamine oxidase inhibitor labeled for adults with major depressive disorder who have not responded to other antidepressants. It carries a boxed hypertensive-crisis warning, and no human study found tests it for motivation or cognition in healthy people.
• Trazodone · tier A · Trazodone is an FDA-approved antidepressant for major depressive disorder that is widely used off-label for sleep. Pooled trials show modest sleep gains and more adverse effects than placebo, and no trial found tests it in stimulant users or after hard training.
• Tropisetron · tier A · Tropisetron is an antiemetic registered in Australia for chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting, with no FDA-approved product located. It binds alpha7 nicotinic receptors, but no test of cognition in healthy adults was found.
• Zopiclone · tier A · Zopiclone is a hypnotic for short-term insomnia, available in the EU since the mid-1980s and authorized in the UK, with no FDA-approved product located. Network meta-analysis supports short-term efficacy, but next-morning driving impairment is documented and no trial tests it for sleep disrupted by stimulants.
• Agomelatine · tier B · Agomelatine is an antidepressant authorized in the EU for major depressive episodes in adults, with no FDA-approved product located. Its effect over placebo is small, the EU label requires liver monitoring, and no trial found tests it for cognitive enhancement.
• Aleniglipron · tier B · Aleniglipron is an unapproved oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist from Structure Therapeutics. A peer-reviewed phase 2b trial in 230 adults found a placebo-adjusted weight change of -8.2% to -11.3% at 36 weeks, and the phase 3 program began in July 2026 with no results.
• Alpha-GPC · tier B · Alpha-GPC has short-term symptomatic cognition evidence in Alzheimer disease and amnestic MCI. Healthy cognition and sports studies are small and inconsistent, and a large observational stroke association remains unresolved.
• Amlexanox · tier B · Amlexanox is a discontinued FDA-approved mouth ulcer paste (APHTHASOL) that is also studied in obesity-related metabolic disease. In one 42-patient trial it lowered HbA1c slightly without weight loss versus placebo, and the metabolic-rate and fat-loss claims rest on mouse data.
• Amycretin · tier B · Amycretin, now named zenagamtide, is an investigational Novo Nordisk peptide that activates GLP-1 and amylin receptors. Phase 1b/2a and phase 2 trials show large weight and HbA1c changes in small or company-reported datasets, with no FDA record and no phase 3 result.
• Anamorelin · tier B · Anamorelin is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist approved in Japan as Adlumiz for cancer cachexia, refused by the EMA in 2017 and with no FDA record. It adds about 1 to 2 kg of weight or lean mass over 12 weeks but has not improved handgrip strength, and no trial tests it in healthy people.
• ATX-304 (formerly O304) · tier B · an investigational oral AMPK activator with one small randomized diabetes trial, a newer obesity pilot, and an animal pharmacokinetic curve that cannot establish a human dosing interval.
• bromantane · tier B · a Russian antiasthenic CNS drug with older human studies in illness-related fatigue, incomplete modern replication, no traceable primary human half-life source, and in-competition WADA prohibition.
• cagrilintide · tier B · novo's long-acting amylin analog. 11.8% standalone weight loss in the phase-3 REDEFINE-1 trial (10.8% earlier in phase 2). the filed product is the cagrisema combo, not the monotherapy.
• cagrisema · tier B · semaglutide + cagrilintide. first fixed-dose GLP-1 + amylin combo. FDA review underway 2026.
• Coenzyme Q10 · tier B · Coenzyme Q10 is a supplement with no FDA-approved drug form located. Blood levels rise reliably with oral dosing, and one 420-patient trial reported fewer cardiovascular events in heart failure, while other outcomes are mixed or negative.
• DHEA · tier B · DHEA (prasterone) is an adrenal steroid precursor converted to androgens and estrogens. FDA approved a vaginal insert for menopausal dyspareunia, while oral DHEA raised hormone levels in older adults without most outcomes following.
• Drostanolone · tier B · a historical dromostanolone propionate breast-cancer drug with small human oncology series, no valid systemic half-life, and no current approved human product located.
• Elecoglipron · tier B · Elecoglipron is an unapproved oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca under a 2023 license from Eccogene. A peer-reviewed phase 2 trial in 310 adults found an estimated bodyweight change of -2.6% to -10.5% at 26 weeks versus -0.6% on placebo, and nine phase 3 studies are registered with no results.
• eloralintide · tier B · a weight-loss drug eli lilly is still testing, given in trials as a once-a-week injection under the skin. it copies amylin, the fullness hormone the pancreas releases with insulin at a meal. 20% weight loss at 48 weeks in one 263-person phase 2, and 64.3% nausea in the fixed 6 mg arm. five phase 3 trials are enrolling and none reads out before 2028.
• Enclomiphene · tier B · Enclomiphene is the trans isomer of clomiphene and an oral selective estrogen-receptor modulator studied in men with secondary hypogonadism. Its strongest results are hormone and sperm surrogate endpoints.
• Fluoxymesterone · tier B · Fluoxymesterone is an oral androgen that FDA approved as HALOTESTIN in 1956, with every US approval since withdrawn. Randomized breast cancer and dialysis trials were mixed, and no human study tests the strength and contest use sellers describe.
• kisspeptin-10 · tier B · kisspeptin-family pharmacology with real HSDD and fertility signals. the strongest human trials used kisspeptin-54, not the KP-10 vial market.
• kpv · tier B · tiny three-amino-acid peptide for inflammation. IBD, eczema, autoimmune. none of α-MSH's tanning or appetite side effects.
• L-oxiracetam · tier B · IV L-oxiracetam improved one day-90 cognitive battery after acute traumatic brain injury; daily function, global recovery and healthy oral cognition remain unproved.
• Maridebart cafraglutide · tier B · Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide) is Amgen's investigational antibody-peptide conjugate: a GIP receptor antagonist antibody joined to two GLP-1 receptor agonist peptides. Its published phase 2 trial in 592 people gave -12.3% to -16.2% weight change at 52 weeks in the obesity cohort versus -2.5% on placebo (treatment policy estimand), and phase 3 has no results.
• Meldonium · tier B · Meldonium is a heart medicine authorized in four EEA states for mild long-term heart failure, with one large phase 2 angina trial behind it. WADA prohibits it, and no trial found tests the supplier's performance, recovery or steroid-cycle claims.
• Mesterolone · tier B · Mesterolone has a regulated tablet and several human trials. Controlled infertility results are negative or inconclusive, testosterone undecanoate beat it on short symptom outcomes, and no human trial supports muscle, performance, aromatase-inhibition, or post-AAS claims.
• Methandienone · tier B · an oral 17-alpha-methyl androgen with an old controlled weightlifter trial, withdrawn US approvals for lack of substantial efficacy evidence, and no validated systemic half-life.
• Methenolone · tier B · a non-17-alpha-alkylated androgen with a current Japanese oral acetate label, historical injectable enanthate use, and no validated systemic half-life for either formulation.
• Methylcobalamin · tier B · Methylcobalamin is a form of vitamin B12 with no FDA-approved drug located. It raised serum B12 about as well as cyanocobalamin in pediatric comparisons, and no randomized trial shows it is superior.
• mots-c · tier B · mitochondrial peptide your body makes during exercise. restores metabolic health in mice. never given to a person in a trial.
• NAD+ · tier B · not a peptide. the cofactor your mitochondria run on. IV drips are the longevity-clinic staple despite thin clinical evidence.
• Noopept (omberacetam; GVS-111) · tier B · omberacetam, a small-molecule cognitive drug sold as a registered 10 mg oral tablet in Russia. the cited human signal comes from one small patient comparison, not a healthy-user trial.
• oxytocin · tier B · the 'love hormone.' FDA-approved for labor since 1962. off-label for bonding, anxiety, and sexual function.
• Pemvidutide · tier B · Pemvidutide is an unapproved once-weekly injectable GLP-1 and glucagon dual receptor agonist from Altimmune. A peer-reviewed phase 2b trial in 212 adults with MASH met its MASH resolution endpoint but not its fibrosis endpoint at 24 weeks, and a phase 3 trial began enrolling in July to August 2026.
• Petrelintide · tier B · Petrelintide is an unapproved long-acting amylin analogue with a published randomized phase 2 trial in 493 adults, in which mean weight fell 7.9 to 9.8% at 28 weeks versus 1.7% on placebo. Three phase 3 trials are registered with no results.
• Ribupatide · tier B · Ribupatide (HRS9531, KAI-9531) is an investigational synthetic peptide that the WHO describes as a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, developed by Hengrui and licensed to Kailera. Its only peer-reviewed human result is a phase 1 study, and the efficacy results (weight change of -10.7% to -17.7% at week 48 in a China phase 3 trial) are company statements.
• Safiglipron · tier B · Safiglipron (HRS-7535 at Hengrui, KAI-7535 at Kailera) is an unapproved oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist. Peer-reviewed data are a phase 2 in 235 Chinese adults with obesity and two phase 3 trials in type 2 diabetes, while the completed obesity phase 3 (HARBOR-1) is reported only by the company.
• SANA (MVD1) · tier B · an investigational nitroalkene small molecule that targets creatine-kinase-dependent thermogenesis, with mouse fat-loss data, a small exploratory 15-day human weight signal, and a high-dose renal safety signal in phase 1.
• selank · tier B · russian anti-anxiety peptide. head-to-head benzodiazepine trials, lighter sedation signal, thin Western long-term data.
• Seltorexant · tier B · Seltorexant has short objective insomnia efficacy and a modest phase 3 depression result, but remained investigational; its cognition signal is post-hoc against quetiapine.
• semax · tier B · russian nootropic. approved there, not here. for focus, stroke recovery, and cognitive decline. real mechanism, thin US trials.
• sermorelin · tier B · Sermorelin is amidated GHRH(1-29). Its direct efficacy record is pediatric, while current adult sleep, recovery, and body-composition claims remain unproven.
• Stanozolol · tier B · Winstrol is stanozolol, an oral or injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid. People seek it for strength and a harder, drier look.
• Tesofensine · tier B · Tesofensine is an investigational monoamine-reuptake inhibitor with randomized oral weight-loss evidence and a material integrity caveat attached to its central trial report.
• thymosin α-1 · tier B · thymic immune peptide. approved abroad for hepatitis B. used stateside for generic 'immune support.'
• Trestolone · tier B · Trestolone, or MENT, has direct human androgen, replacement and sperm-suppression data, plus a large historical breast-cancer trial. That establishes potent human activity. No controlled study located measured healthy-human muscle gain or athletic performance, and the male implant trials exposed important problems with release, sexual function and blood pressure.
• Trevogrumab · tier B · Trevogrumab (REGN1033) is an investigational Regeneron antibody that blocks myostatin, tested with semaglutide in the phase 2 COURAGE trial to limit lean mass loss during weight loss. The COURAGE results so far exist only as company press releases, report lean mass and muscle volume rather than strength, and no regulator has approved the drug.
• UBT251 · tier B · UBT251 is an unapproved long-acting triple agonist of the GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptors from The United Laboratories, licensed to Novo Nordisk outside China. One published 24-week phase 2 trial in 205 adults with overweight or obesity found body weight fell 13.6% to 19.7% with UBT251 against 2.0% with placebo.
• VK2735 · tier B · VK2735 is an investigational dual agonist of the GLP-1 and GIP receptors from Viking Therapeutics, in subcutaneous and oral tablet forms, with no approval anywhere. Its only peer-reviewed efficacy result is a 13-week phase 2 trial in 176 adults, with mean weight loss of 9.1% to 14.7% versus 1.7% on placebo.
• 5-amino-1mq · tier C · 5-amino-1MQ is a small molecule NNMT inhibitor, not a peptide. People seek it for fat loss, but every administration and outcome study located for this review was in animals.
• ACCG-2671 · tier C · ACCG-2671 is Structure Therapeutics' investigational oral, non-peptide, small-molecule dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist. Its only human data are company-reported single-dose results in 31 healthy adults without obesity, with no peer-reviewed report.
• ACD856 · tier C · ACD856 is an unapproved investigational compound described as a Trk receptor positive allosteric modulator. Three early-phase studies in healthy volunteers report no serious adverse events, and no study tests it in patients.
• Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) · tier C · Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen) is the estrogen receptor antagonist metabolite of tamoxifen, studied as a skin gel in women with breast conditions. No FDA approval was found, the larger trial missed its noninferiority margin against oral tamoxifen, and no study was found in men or for gynecomastia.
• ahk-cu · tier C · copper tripeptide for hair growth, riding GHK-Cu's reputation. thinner evidence, bigger marketing.
• aniracetam · tier C · Aniracetam has mixed disease-specific cognition evidence: one old Alzheimer signal, a substantive controlled null, and no healthy-rested enhancement trial.
• AZD6234 · tier C · AZD6234 is AstraZeneca's weekly injectable amylin receptor agonist, which the company calls selective. Its only public human efficacy figure is second-hand, no phase 2 result is posted, and three phase 3 trials started in August 2026.
• B7-33 · tier C · B7-33 is a single-chain analogue of human relaxin-2 that reduced fibrosis in rodent models of heart, kidney and lung injury. No controlled human study exists, and the one experiment that measured blood pressure found no change.
• BAM15 · tier C · a preclinical mitochondrial protonophore that reduced fat gain and improved metabolic measures in mice, with no human exposure, dose-finding, or safety study.
• Bemethyl · tier C · Bemethyl (bemitil) is a Russian prescription actoprotector with small, mostly Soviet-era placebo-referenced experiments in extreme conditions. No athlete trial, registered trial or FDA-approved product turned up.
• Berberine · tier C · Berberine is sold as "nature's Ozempic" for weight loss and blood glucose. Meta-analyses show lower fasting glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes trials of mixed quality, average weight loss was 0.88 kg across 23 trials, and the GLP-1 link rests on rat and cell data.
• Berobenatide · tier C · Berobenatide is Pfizer's investigational injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist (also MET-097i, MET097 and PF-08653944), acquired with Metsera. Its efficacy evidence is one set of sponsor-posted phase 2b results from a treatment-adherent analysis (-12.45% at 1.2 mg weekly versus +1.67% on placebo at 28 weeks) and Pfizer company statements, with no peer-reviewed paper.
• BPAP (benzofuranylpropylaminopentane) · tier C · BPAP (benzofuranylpropylaminopentane) is a deprenyl-derived research compound sold for dopaminergic and noradrenergic enhancement at extremely low doses. The evidence is rat and isolated-tissue pharmacology, mostly from the group that developed it, and no controlled human study exists; the acronym also means bisphenol AP and a breathing treatment.
• brenipatide · tier C · Brenipatide, Lilly code LY3537031, is a modified 39 amino acid peptide that activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. The registry has 11 records indexed under Brenipatide and 5 earlier LY3537031-only registrations. None of the 16 has posted results.
• Bronchogen · tier C · Bronchogen is a synthetic tetrapeptide from the Khavinson group, sold for lung support. The record is cell cultures, rat explants and one rat model of chemically induced lung injury, with no human study and no lung function measurement in any species.
• Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate · tier C · Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG) is sold to support healthy aging and lower biological age. A company-linked mouse study found longer female lifespan, an independent multi-site mouse program did not, and no controlled human efficacy result has been published.
• Capromorelin · tier C · Capromorelin is an oral ghrelin receptor agonist that FDA has approved only for animals, for appetite stimulation in dogs and weight loss in cats with chronic kidney disease. Human data are one 395-person trial in older adults that was stopped early and a single-dose phase 1 study.
• Cardiogen · tier C · Cardiogen is the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg from the Khavinson group, sold for cardiac tissue repair. The record is rat heart explants, fibroblast cultures and a patent-reported rat heart-attack result, with no human study. Other products share the name but are different compounds.
• Cartalax · tier C · an identity-gated Ala-Glu-Asp tripeptide with cell and animal work plus one poorly reported, 29-person saline-controlled human example in an assignee patent, but no independent peer-reviewed replication or measured pharmacokinetic curve.
• CE-123 · tier C · CE-123 is a research code for a thiazole analogue of modafinil, sold for working memory, focus and motivation without the full stimulant profile. The evidence is about ten years of rat and mouse work and cell assays, and no controlled human study exists.
• Citicoline · tier C · Citicoline (CDP-choline) has no FDA-approved drug located. Its large stroke and brain injury trials failed, and EFSA found no established cause-and-effect relationship with memory.
• CMS-121 (CMS121) · tier C · CMS-121 is a research compound its developers describe as a fisetin derivative, sold for neuroprotection and cognitive preservation with age. The evidence is cell and mouse work, mostly from the group that holds the patent, plus a registered Phase 1 trial with no posted results and a preprint on tolerability; no human efficacy study exists.
• Cortagen · tier C · Cortagen is the synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro from the Khavinson group, sold for stress resilience, learning and memory. Its best animal result is faster sciatic nerve regeneration in rats, and no study tested learning, memory or stress resilience or treated a person.
• Dasatinib plus quercetin · tier C · Dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q) pairs a prescription leukemia drug with a flavonol supplement and is used off label as a senolytic. Dasatinib's label safety comes from continuous cancer dosing and does not transfer to short senolytic courses, and human outcome evidence is small and mixed.
• DNSP-11 · tier C · DNSP-11 is an 11-amino-acid peptide from the GDNF proprotein with dopaminergic effects in cells, rats and macaques, by brain injection or intranasal delivery. No controlled human study exists, and no study of any kind tests it for mood.
• dsip · tier C · isolated 1977 as a sleep peptide. 50 years of trials, no clinical breakthrough. community uses it anyway.
• Efinopegdutide · tier C · Efinopegdutide is an unapproved once-weekly GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist that Merck licensed from Hanmi. Its published evidence is phase 2 only, and the 381-patient phase 2b MASH trial is registered as completed with no results posted or published.
• Emoxypine succinate · tier C · Emoxypine succinate (Mexidol) is a Russian prescription medicine with three sponsor-run, placebo-controlled trials in stroke and chronic brain ischemia. No adequate trial supports the anxiety, stress-resilience or cardiac claims, and no FDA-approved product turned up.
• Endoxifen · tier C · Endoxifen is a tamoxifen metabolite tested orally in cancer patients, in healthy women for mammographic density, and as an add-on for impaired tamoxifen metabolizers. No FDA approval was found, and no study was found in men, in gynecomastia or in anabolic steroid users.
• Enicepatide · tier C · Enicepatide (CT-388) is Roche's investigational injectable that the WHO describes as a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. Its only peer-reviewed human data are a four-week phase 1 study, and the 18.3% at 48 weeks that circulates is a company-reported placebo-adjusted treatment-regimen figure at 24 mg (the efficacy estimand figure is 22.5%).
• epithalon · tier C · russian longevity peptide. one lab. one cohort. the lifespan claims have never been replicated.
• FGL peptide · tier C · FGL is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide that matches the NCAM binding site for FGF receptor 1. It improved memory in rats after injection into the brain ventricles, and the only human data are a single-dose phase 1 study in 24 healthy men. No controlled human study exists.
• Fisetin · tier C · Fisetin is a plant flavonol sold as a senolytic that clears senescent cells and supports healthy aging. The senolytic result is from cells and mice, no FDA-approved fisetin product turned up, and no human record shows senescent cell clearance.
• FOXO4-DRI · tier C · FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt the FOXO4 and p53 interaction in senescent cells. It cleared senescent cells in culture and restored fitness and renal function in mice, but no controlled human study exists, and in human cartilage cells clearing senescent cells did not improve the tissue outcome.
• GB-115 (Ranquilon) · tier C · GB-115 is a dipeptide-like anxiolytic from the Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology in Moscow, called Ranquilon in Russia and sold in the West mainly by research suppliers as a spray. The evidence is rodent studies, a small uncontrolled Russian pilot and registered Russian trials with no posted results, and no study has tested a spray form.
• gonadorelin · tier C · Native-sequence GnRH with real historical pump and diagnostic uses. Pulse timing determines whether the signal works.
• GSK-2881078 · tier C · GSK-2881078 is an unapproved oral selective androgen receptor modulator. Early studies reported greater lean mass than placebo, but the 97-patient phase 2A COPD study left leg-strength intervals crossing zero, patient-reported outcomes unchanged, and HDL cholesterol and liver enzymes affected.
• GUBamy · tier C · GUBamy (GUB014295, ABBV-295) is an investigational long-acting amylin analogue discovered by Gubra and licensed to AbbVie. All efficacy and safety data are company announcements of phase 1 results, none peer reviewed, and a phase 2 study began in August 2026.
• Hexarelin · tier C · Hexarelin is a synthetic hexapeptide that releases more growth hormone than GHRH in small human studies, with prolactin and cortisol rising at the same doses. It has no matching FDA application, and no study shows muscle, recovery or healing benefit in healthy people.
• hgh frag 176-191 · tier C · HGH fragment 176-191. sold as 'fat loss without growth.' the AOD9604 trial that tested this idea failed.
• humanin · tier C · a 24-amino-acid peptide your mitochondria encode. cytoprotective and metabolic biology in cells and rodents. zero interventional human trials.
• Hydromethylthionine · tier C · Hydromethylthionine (HMTM, LMTM) is an investigational tau aggregation inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease, related to but distinct from methylene blue. Three phase 3 programmes missed their randomized primary comparison by the authors' own account, and it is not approved anywhere.
• ipamorelin · tier C · Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist. People seek it for sleep, recovery, and body composition, but direct human studies measured an acute intravenous GH pulse and a negative ileus outcome.
• ISRIB · tier C · ISRIB is a research compound that blocks the integrated stress response by binding eIF2B, sold for cognitive restoration after stress or injury. The evidence is cell, protein-structure and rodent work, no registered or published human study of ISRIB exists, and the clinical-stage drugs grouped with it, DNL343 and fosigotifator, are separate molecules that did not slow ALS.
• ITPP · tier C · ITPP changes hemoglobin oxygen affinity and has published human PK and safety data from a 28-person cancer study. A separate phase II respiratory-failure trial is registered as ended, but its results were not retrieved. Human athletic benefit remains unestablished; the oncology infusion caused frequent calcium abnormalities.
• JBSNF-000088 · tier C · JBSNF-000088 (6-methoxynicotinamide) is a nicotinamide analog that inhibits NNMT, sold for fat loss and metabolic improvement. The evidence is a single originating mouse paper from industry authors that reports body weight and glucose, not fat mass, and no controlled human study exists.
• KAI-4729 · tier C · KAI-4729 (HRS-4729 at Hengrui) is an investigational once-weekly injectable GLP-1, GIP and glucagon receptor triple agonist, with Kailera holding rights outside Greater China. Its only human data are two company statements (26 May and 1 October 2026) from a 12-week phase 1 cohort, and nothing is peer reviewed.
• L-tetrahydropalmatine · tier C · L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) is a plant alkaloid that a 2012 review says is approved and used in China as Rotundine. Human data are limited to a PK study and two small randomized trials in drug dependence, and no trial of L-THP alone tested sleep, anxiety or pain.
• Ligandrol · tier C · Ligandrol, LGD-4033, or VK5211 is an unapproved androgen-receptor SARM with measured human PK, short lean-mass and hormone effects, and delayed registry-only hip-fracture results.
• Lithium orotate · tier C · Lithium orotate is a lithium salt sold as a supplement to protect the aging brain, and it is not the salt in prescription lithium, which is lithium carbonate. Randomized trials of low-dose lithium in mild cognitive impairment used carbonate or an unstated salt, and no randomized trial of orotate in people was found.
• Livagen · tier C · Livagen is the synthetic tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala from the Khavinson group, sold for liver support around oral steroid liver toxicity. The record is rat hepatocyte and liver explant work, an oral rat study and human lymphocyte and serum work in vitro, with no human treatment study and no steroid or drug liver injury model.
• LL-37 · tier C · LL-37 is a 37-residue human cathelicidin peptide that has been given to people topically on ulcers and by injection into melanoma tumors. The largest trial found no significant healing improvement over placebo in the full population, and no human study of injected, nebulized or oral synthetic LL-37 was found.
• Magnesium glycinate · tier C · Magnesium glycinate is the magnesium salt of two glycine molecules, sold as a supplement with no FDA-approved single-ingredient drug product. One randomized trial of the glycinate form found a small improvement in insomnia scores, and the one head-to-head in healthy adults did not support a bioavailability advantage.
• melanotan i · tier C · approved as Scenesse for one rare skin condition. used off-label for tanning. long-term safety, unknown.
• melanotan-ii · tier C · skin tanning without sun. also triggers sexual arousal. both off-label. both widely used.
• MET-233 · tier C · MET-233 (written MET-233i by Metsera) is an unapproved amylin analog now owned by Pfizer. Its efficacy data are two company-reported phase 1 parts in small cohorts, with no peer-reviewed report.
• Nicotinamide riboside · tier C · Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a food and supplement ingredient that reliably raises blood NAD+ in people, with regulator reviews that raised no safety objection for their defined uses. Outcome trials are small and mostly null for healthy aging, a phase 3 Parkinson disease trial favored placebo, and its reduced form NRH has no human trial.
• NMN · tier C · Oral NMN reliably raises circulating NAD-related measures. Selected metabolic and physical-function results are narrow and inconsistent; pooled muscle and broad metabolic outcomes are mostly null. Human cognition, hormone restoration and longevity have not been shown.
• Nooglutyl (nooglutil) · tier C · Nooglutyl (nooglutil, ONK-10) is a research compound from Russian pharmacology, sold for memory enhancement and neuroprotection. The evidence is rat and mouse work, mostly Russian-language papers from one network of laboratories, with an unsettled mechanism and no human data.
• Osavampator · tier C · Osavampator (TAK-653, NBI-1065845) is an unapproved AMPA receptor potentiator in phase 3 registrations for adjunctive use in major depressive disorder. No efficacy result in patients is public, and human data are limited to healthy-volunteer studies.
• P021 · tier C · P021 is a small adamantane-containing peptide mimetic that improved learning and memory in normal mice and aged rats, and reduced tau pathology in an Alzheimer mouse model, mostly in one laboratory's work. No controlled human study exists, and one in vivo test of its BDNF mechanism outside the originating program found no rise in BDNF.
• Pancragen · tier C · Pancragen is the Khavinson group's synthetic tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, sold for pancreatic function and glucose handling. It has rat, monkey and cell culture studies and two small human reports from the originating group, with no controlled trial and no regulator record.
• PDRN (polydeoxyribonucleotide) · tier C · PDRN (polydeoxyribonucleotide) is a salmon-sperm DNA mixture promoted in Korean aesthetics to regenerate skin. One placebo-controlled trial found faster healing of diabetic foot ulcers; skin rejuvenation rests on small studies, many of polynucleotide (PN) products rather than PDRN.
• pe-22-28 · tier C · a seven amino acid peptide researched as an antidepressant, so far only in mice and in cells. three papers, one lab, zero humans, and the 23 hour duration printed on vendor pages was measured on a different molecule.
• phenylpiracetam · tier C · Phenylpiracetam has selected positive attention and fatigue results in patient trials, large uncontrolled clinical cohorts and thin healthy-performance reports. Several mood, sleep, fatigue and cognitive endpoints were null.
• pinealon · tier C · epithalon's sister from the same russian lab. neuroprotection claims, even thinner data.
• PNC-27 · tier C · PNC-27 is a laboratory peptide that joins a p53 fragment to a cell-penetrating domain and kills cancer cells in culture by membrane lysis. It has been tested only in cultured cells, patient-derived cells outside the body and mice, and no controlled human study exists.
• PP405 · tier C · PP405 is an investigational topical gel for androgenetic alopecia, built on mouse work on lactate and hair follicle stem cells. A phase 2a posted safety results and a phase 2/3 is recruiting, but no published human efficacy result exists and the human mechanism is not established.
• PPAP (phenylpropylaminopentane) · tier C · PPAP (phenylpropylaminopentane) is a deprenyl-derived research compound sold for energy, focus and performance. The evidence is rat and animal tissue work, largely from the group that developed it, and no controlled human study exists.
• PQQ · tier C · PQQ disodium has four small modern cognition RCTs with mixed, test-specific results and one access-limited physical-function trial. Direct exercise performance and broad metabolic outcomes include nulls, and no human longevity result exists.
• pramiracetam · tier C · Pramiracetam has small human studies in brain injury, age-related memory complaints and scopolamine-induced amnesia. A 10-person Alzheimer study failed to reproduce most apparent initial responses, and healthy everyday enhancement remains unproven.
• Pregnenolone · tier C · Oral pregnenolone raises parent and downstream neurosteroids. Healthy mood, anxiety and cognition measures were largely null; a short back-pain trial and selected psychiatric outcomes were positive. Hormone optimization and longevity remain unproved.
• Pyrilutamide · tier C · Pyrilutamide (KX-826) is an investigational topical androgen receptor antagonist for androgenetic alopecia. Every efficacy figure comes from company filings, the company reported that its 2023 phase III did not beat placebo, and no peer-reviewed human trial report was found.
• Retinalamin · tier C · Retinalamin is a Russian-registered injectable mixture of polypeptide fractions from cattle retina, sold for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinal dystrophies. Its trials are unmasked Russian studies with mixed results, the one controlled animal study found no protection, and it has no sequence, molecular weight or registration outside Russia.
• RU58841 · tier C · RU58841 is a topical nonsteroidal androgen-receptor antagonist research chemical with macaque and human-scalp-graft signals, plus two completed human-study registrations without published results.
• SAR441255 · tier C · SAR441255 is Sanofi's exendin-4-based peptide agonist of the GLP-1, glucagon and GIP receptors. Its first-in-human results were published in 2021, but there is no weight result in people, no multiple-dose study and no approval.
• Sipagladenant · tier C · Sipagladenant (KW-6356) is an unapproved adenosine A2A receptor antagonist and inverse agonist studied for Parkinson's disease. One published phase 2a trial showed larger motor score improvements than placebo, and no study tested motivation or fatigue.
• SLU-PP-332 · tier C · SLU-PP-332 is a small-molecule pan-ERR agonist with mouse endurance and metabolic results, ex vivo human myoblast work, no oral bioavailability, and no human administration study.
• SLU-PP-915 · tier C · SLU-PP-915 is a small-molecule pan-ERR agonist with mouse oral activity, an 18-to-28-minute mouse oral half-life, and no human administration data.
• Sobetirome · tier C · Sobetirome (GC-1) is a thyroid hormone receptor beta-selective research chemical with no FDA application. Animal studies show cholesterol lowering without tachycardia, but no primary human trial report was found and both registered studies were withdrawn with no participants.
• Spermidine · tier C · Spermidine is a natural polyamine sold to induce autophagy, support longevity and protect memory. The longevity case rests on animal data and a food-questionnaire cohort, and the core memory trial, SmartAge, missed its primary memory outcome.
• Taurine · tier C · Taurine is an endogenous amino sulfonic acid sold to slow aging, based on a 2023 mouse and monkey study. Three 2025 studies challenge the premise that it falls with age, randomized trials show modest blood pressure, glucose and triglyceride effects in metabolic-risk groups, and no human aging trial has reported.
• tb-500 frag · tier C · the 7-amino-acid core of TB-500. half the price. half the data.
• Thymogen (oglufanide) · tier C · Thymogen is the synthetic dipeptide Glu-Trp (oglufanide), first found in the calf thymus extract Thymalin. A commercial Russian drug reference lists three Thymogen products and small Russian randomized trials report surrogate-endpoint effects in sick patients, while a US phase III of IM862 in Kaposi's sarcoma was negative. No FDA approval or label was found.
• Thymulin · tier C · Thymulin is a zinc-dependent nonapeptide thymic hormone, separate from thymalin and thymosin alpha-1. Two small 1980s randomized trials gave mixed results, positive in rheumatoid arthritis and negative in multiple sclerosis, and no trial supports the immune or hair claims in healthy people.
• TND1128 · tier C · TND1128 is a 5-deazaflavin derivative that its authors call a mitochondria-stimulating, NAD+-assisting substance. The evidence is three papers from 2021 to 2024 by one author network, in cultured mouse neurons and in brain slices from dosed mice, and no controlled human study exists.
• Topilutamide (fluridil) · tier C · Topilutamide (fluridil) is a topical anti-androgen studied for androgenetic alopecia in two small, old studies from one group: a 3-month placebo-controlled study in 43 men and an open 9-month study in 11 women. No drug approval was found, and nothing has been registered or replicated.
• triptorelin · tier C · A GnRH agonist with strong depot-suppression evidence and one uncontrolled non-depot restart case.
• TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) · tier C · TUDCA is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid. FDA approved it only inside a fixed combination for ALS and withdrew that approval in 2025, and a PubMed search on 9 October 2026 found no study of it given alongside an anabolic androgenic steroid.
• Urolithin A · tier C · Urolithin A (Mitopure) is a gut-microbiome metabolite sold as a muscle and mitochondria supplement, with an FDA no-questions letter for specific foods. Both company-funded trials missed their primary endpoints, and no independent randomized strength trial in adults aged 65 or older was found.
• Yohimbine · tier C · Yohimbine is an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist from yohimbe bark, sold for stubborn fat loss and sexual function, with no FDA application record found. Small fat-loss trials conflict, a 1998 meta-analysis found an erectile benefit over placebo, supplement doses are unreliable, and poison center exposures had more severe outcomes than average.
• 1,4-DMAA · tier D · 1,4-DMAA is a distinct stimulant isomer detected in sports and weight-loss supplements. Independent product analyses establish that exposure occurs; they do not establish human performance, fat loss or safety. Findings from 1,3-DMAA cannot be assigned to it wholesale.
• 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) · tier D · 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has no FDA application. Its published human record is two people in one uncontrolled report, and rodent studies conflict on fat loss and on whether it suppresses the thyroid axis.
• 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone · tier D · 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a research chemical sold as an oral TrkB agonist and BDNF mimetic for cognition and mood. Its benefits come only from rodent studies, independent laboratories dispute that it activates TrkB, oral exposure in mice was poor, and no study has given it to people.
• 9-Me-BC (9-methyl-beta-carboline) · tier D · 9-Me-BC (9-methyl-beta-carboline) is a research compound sold for dopaminergic enhancement and motivation. The evidence is cell culture, enzyme assays and two rat studies, nearly all from one author network, and no controlled human study exists.
• AC-262536 · tier D · AC-262536 is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator from ACADIA Pharmaceuticals, sold as a milder SARM for lean mass. Its efficacy evidence is one 2-week study in castrated male rats, and no controlled human study exists.
• ACE-031 · tier D · ACE-031 (ramatercept) is a dimeric activin receptor type IIB Fc fusion protein, not a peptide, that raised lean mass after one dose in 48 healthy postmenopausal women. Its Duchenne trial was stopped for epistaxis and telangiectasias, it has never been approved, and a 2025 analysis of 14 black market products found none contained the fusion protein.
• ACP-105 · tier D · ACP-105 is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator from ACADIA Pharmaceuticals. Its efficacy evidence is a 2-week castrated-rat study plus an unrelated mouse radiation model, and no controlled human study exists.
• adamax · tier D · a marketed nootropic name whose exact chemical identity is not established by a cited primary characterisation. scoped PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov searches found no exact-compound record.
• Adipotide · tier D · Adipotide is a synthetic fat-vessel-targeting peptide that reduced white fat in obese mice and in obese monkeys of three species, with reversible kidney tubule changes in the monkeys. No human outcome data exist, and no FDA record was found on 10 October 2026.
• AICAR (acadesine) · tier D · AICAR is sold for endurance on a 2008 mouse study (44% better treadmill endurance in sedentary mice over 4 weeks). No human has been given it for endurance in the sources reviewed, every human exposure was an intravenous infusion, and the phase 3 bypass surgery trial was stopped for futility.
• Andarine · tier D · Andarine (S-4) is a selective androgen receptor modulator with solid rat efficacy and pharmacokinetic data. No clinical trial in people has ever been published, and no controlled human study exists.
• aod 9604 · tier D · HGH fragment. went to phase 2b for obesity. failed. the data says it doesn't work.
• cerebrolysin · tier D · a liquid made from pig brain, dripped into a vein in hospital after a stroke or in dementia. thousands of randomised patients have been given it. every dose in every trial is measured in millilitres, because the ampoule holds a mixture and there is no single molecule to weigh, and the only published identity test is a fingerprint match against a reference sample.
• chloropropanoylpretadalafil · tier D · Chloropropanoylpretadalafil was characterized in a supplement by FDA forensic chemists. The available evidence establishes an unusual tadalafil-related structure, without demonstrated PDE5 potency, human PK or erectile benefit. A repository citation mismatch must not be mistaken for a second study.
• Chonluten · tier D · Chonluten is the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Gly from the Khavinson group, sold for lung health. Its one published experiment is in a human leukemia monocyte cell line, the group's own table gives it gastric and stress roles instead, and no study tested it in lung tissue or in people.
• cibinetide · tier D · eleven amino acids copied from erythropoietin, the hormone that tells the body to make more red blood cells. the copy keeps the half of that hormone which protects injured tissue and leaves the red cells alone. vendors label it ARA-290. six published human trials, five of them randomised, and two primary endpoints that separated.
• CL-316243 · tier D · CL-316243 is a beta-3 adrenoceptor agonist research chemical with no FDA application. It activates brown fat and cuts fat in rats, but the only human trial (10 treated men, 8 weeks) found no change in body weight or composition.
• coluracetam · tier D · Coluracetam’s only randomized mood trial was null overall. Its healthy-user evidence is one uncontrolled case with no significant objective cognitive change.
• Cortexin · tier D · Cortexin is a Russian prescription mixture of polypeptide fractions from cattle cerebral cortex, with no single formula and no US label. One double-blind placebo-controlled stroke trial reports high efficacy and safety without numbers in its abstract, and nothing found supports better cognition in healthy people.
• Crystagen · tier D · Crystagen is a trade name that the Khavinson group links to the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Pro, sold for sleep and anti-aging. The record is one Russian-language spleen abstract with no species or dose, the group's own table calls it an immunoprotector, and no study tested sleep or treated a person.
• DADA · tier D · DADA is the diisopropylamine salt of dichloroacetate, not the sodium dichloroacetate used in most clinical research. The one controlled human trial of DADA itself located compares two doses in 123 patients with fatty liver and has no placebo arm; nothing tests it in healthy people, for performance or body composition, or by any injected route.
• Dalosirvat (SM04554) · tier D · Dalosirvat (SM04554) is a topical Wnt activator tested for androgenetic alopecia by Samumed, now Biosplice. The registry results for its three trials (49, 302 and 675 men) show no significant gain over vehicle on the hair-count outcome, and no approval or peer-reviewed trial report was found.
• Dapiglutide · tier D · Dapiglutide (ZP7570) is Zealand Pharma's investigational lipidated peptide, described as a dual GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonist, and its development is paused. Its only peer-reviewed randomized obesity trial found a 6 mg weight difference of -2.1% versus placebo at 12 weeks (P=0.076), not statistically significant.
• dihexa · tier D · rodent nootropic with zero human trials and a mechanism that's a named oncology concern.
• Enobosarm · tier D · Enobosarm, also called ostarine or GTx-024, is an unapproved androgen-receptor SARM with short lean-mass signals and split registry-posted phase 3 lean-mass and function results.
• fasoracetam · tier D · Fasoracetam’s early pediatric ADHD signal did not survive the wider controlled program; no healthy-rested cognitive benefit has been tested.
• fladrafinil · tier D · Fladrafinil converts to flmodafinil in people, but its only modern human study measured analytes after one dose and no appraisable efficacy trial exists.
• flmodafinil · tier D · Flmodafinil’s human evidence is a six-person metabolism study with no benefit or tolerability outcome; controlled wakefulness evidence belongs to an R-enantiomer mouse study.
• ghrp-2 · tier D · first-gen GH releaser. works. also spikes cortisol, prolactin, and hunger. ipamorelin replaced it.
• ghrp-6 · tier D · older sibling of GHRP-2. even more appetite, same cortisol issues. ipamorelin made it obsolete.
• glutathione · tier D · the endogenous redox tripeptide. used for antioxidant, liver, immune, wellness-IV, and skin-brightening claims. route decides the evidence.
• GW-0742 · tier D · GW-0742 activates PPAR-beta/delta and changes metabolism in cells and animals. In the commonly cited trained-mouse experiment, GW-0742 alone did not significantly improve running time; the large endurance result belonged to its combination with AICAR. No verified human efficacy or pharmacokinetic study was located.
• Ibutamoren · tier D · Ibutamoren is an unapproved oral ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises endogenous GH and IGF-1. Older-adult trials found a lean-mass signal without a reliable strength or function benefit.
• J147 · tier D · J147 has a substantial animal research record, including memory experiments in normal rodents, injury models and fly lifespan. A completed 64-person oral phase I trial still has no posted results, and an intravenous stroke trial is recruiting. The human benefit and PK questions remain open.
• larazotide · tier D · larazotide acetate (AT-1001) is an eight-amino-acid oral tight-junction regulator. a celiac phase 2b found a symptom benefit at 0.5 mg three times daily, but the pivotal phase 3 was terminated after an interim sample-size review and posted no results.
• LGD-2226 · tier D · LGD-2226 is a distinct androgen-receptor modulator with rodent muscle, bone-strength and sexual-behavior findings. Those studies support biological activity and some tissue selectivity, but no verified human efficacy or PK program was located. Results for other LGD compounds do not fill that gap.
• LGD-3303 · tier D · LGD-3303 has detailed rat evidence for androgen-receptor activity, muscle growth and bone effects. Tissue selectivity held across different exposure patterns in those experiments. Human muscle gain, PK, endocrine recovery and safety remain unverified.
• Metformin · tier D · Metformin is an established type 2 diabetes drug. Its diabetes outcomes do not establish healthy-human lifespan, healthspan, cognition, or muscle benefit, and randomized geroscience trials have been null or unfavorable on their primary claims.
• MID-35 · tier D · MID-35 is an experimental D-peptide that inhibits myostatin-related signaling. Small mouse studies found local muscle growth, and a cancer-cachexia model also found better grip strength with MID-35 alone. No verified human administration, PK or safety study was located.
• MK-777 · tier D · MK-777 is a marketed name often associated with acetamoren. Acetamoren does have a supplier chemical record and batch certificate. A verified link between that record and the MK-777 development code, plus primary pharmacology or clinical evidence, was not established.
• nefiracetam · tier D · A selected post-stroke apathy signal was followed by a null 13-person trial; the parent depression trial and revised Japanese pivotal program were negative.
• NSI-189 phosphate · tier D · NSI-189 phosphate is an unapproved investigational compound that was tested for major depressive disorder. Its 220-patient phase 2 trial missed the primary endpoint at both doses, and the neurogenesis findings come from cells and rodents.
• Ovagen · tier D · Ovagen is the name the Khavinson group gives to the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Leu, sold for reproductive tissue support in women. Its published record is kidney protection in rats, no study tested it in an ovary or a woman, and a livestock gonadotrophin and a homeopathic formula share the name.
• oxiracetam · tier D · A 500-person, 36-week trial found no post-stroke cognitive benefit from oxiracetam; older dementia and scopolamine-rescue signals do not show healthy enhancement.
• PEG-MGF · tier D · PEG-MGF is the pegylated form of synthetic mechano growth factor, a 24-residue peptide matching the C-terminal end of the IGF-IEb splice variant. The splice variant is real and rises in muscle after lifting, but PEG-MGF has no primary study in any species, and no controlled human study exists.
• Picamilon · tier D · Picamilon is a Russian-registered nootropic tablet whose leaflet wording on anxiety and sleep is repeated by supplement sellers. The human data are small open or uncontrolled studies, no controlled trial tests the claims, and FDA says supplements containing it are misbranded.
• PRL-8-53 · tier D · PRL-8-53 is a methyl benzoate research compound sold for acute memory. One 1978 study in people, co-authored by the compound's originator, reports improved retention of verbal information after low oral doses; its abstract gives no number of subjects or dose, and nothing has replicated it.
• Prostamax · tier D · Prostamax is the synthetic tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro from the Khavinson group, sold for prostate support. Its only prostate result is faster growth of rat prostate explants in culture, there is no prostate disease model or human data, and the cattle prostate extract Prostatilen is a different product.
• Rapamycin · tier D · Rapamycin and sirolimus are the same active substance. Product-specific sirolimus approvals and mouse lifespan results do not establish healthy-human longevity or cognitive benefit.
• S-23 · tier D · S-23 is an arylpropionamide SARM studied in rats as a male contraceptive candidate. No controlled human efficacy trial exists, and its only human exposures are analytical doses given to time urinary detection.
• sermorelin + GHRP-2 · tier D · This is a two-peptide combination of sermorelin and GHRP-2. One acute IV crossover found an additive GH response, not demonstrated synergy.
• snap-8 · tier D · acetyl octapeptide-3. marketed as topical botox. the science doesn't hold up.
• SR-9009 · tier D · SR-9009 is a synthetic REV-ERB agonist, paired in print with the trade name Stenabolic, sold for endurance, fat loss and metabolic conditioning, often stacked with cardarine. The evidence is mouse and cell data only, the REV-ERB mechanism behind it is disputed, and no controlled human study exists.
• SR-9011 · tier D · SR-9011 changes clock signaling, wakefulness and metabolism in experimental systems. Small mouse studies found higher oxygen consumption and lower fat mass, but many larger claims come from SR9009 or combination experiments. No verified human administration or PK study was located.
• Sunifiram (DM-235) · tier D · Sunifiram (DM-235) is an acylpiperazine research compound sold for acute memory and learning enhancement through AMPA receptor potentiation. The evidence is rodent and brain-slice work, mostly from the group that discovered it, with a contested mechanism and no human data; it is a different molecule from unifiram.
• Testagen · tier D · Testagen is a trade name that the Khavinson group ties to the tetrapeptide Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly, sold for natural testosterone support. The only animal work is in chickens and concerns the thyroid axis and immunity, no study measured testosterone, and a topical testosterone lotion shares the name.
• Thozalinone · tier D · Thozalinone (CL-39808) is an older stimulant, the N,N-dimethyl analog of pemoline, sold for wakefulness and motivation. It has 1960s rodent papers, two human trial records with no retrievable results, and two mouse studies that used it as a dopamine tool; nothing measures wakefulness or motivation.
• thymalin · tier D · a drug made from calf thymus glands, sold for immune support and to slow ageing. registered in the ussr in 1982 and never once entered into a trial registry. the largest human dataset belongs to the two men who made it.
• Unifiram (DM-232) · tier D · Unifiram (DM-232) is a bicyclic lactam research compound sold for acute cognition enhancement and often used interchangeably with sunifiram, which is a different molecule. The evidence is mouse, rat and brain-slice work from the group that discovered it, and no human data exist.
• Vesugen · tier D · Vesugen is the short peptide KED. Russian human reports include vascular symptoms, cognition and combined work-ability or geroprotection programs; their designs do not establish a reliable isolated-KED benefit. Cell and mouse findings are more extensive, with selective positive results and important nulls.
• vilon · tier D · two amino acids from a russian lab, lysine joined to glutamic acid, sold on an anti-ageing claim. nobody has registered a trial of it in any registry checked, the three human papers state no sample size, and the strongest animal study reports more tumours.
• vip · tier D · a chemical the body makes in its own gut, lungs and nerves to widen blood vessels and relax the muscle in the walls of airways and gut. drug companies made a synthetic copy of it and took it into trials for damaged lungs. four randomized trials in COVID-19 respiratory failure, a 665-patient meta-analysis, and a plasma half-time of about one minute. the biggest trial was stopped for futility. the one trial that clearly beat placebo is for erectile dysfunction, an indication nobody researches it for.
• 1,3-DMAA · tier F · 1,3-DMAA is a stimulant with more human research than a regulatory warning alone suggests. A small running trial found no benefit, an acute study found blood-pressure increases, and a 12-week study found no significant group-level abnormalities. Those small studies do not establish useful long-term performance or rare-event safety.
• 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) · tier F · DNP is an oral small-molecule mitochondrial uncoupler, not a peptide. People seek it for rapid weight loss. The same mechanism can cause lethal hyperthermia and cardiovascular collapse.
• Adrafinil · tier F · Adrafinil converts to modafinil and has an older placebo-controlled memory-complaint trial with a positive result. That trial omitted about a quarter of enrollees from its reported analysis, and modern human PK and safety data remain thin. France withdrew its authorization after an unfavorable benefit-risk review.
• aminotadalafil · tier F · Aminotadalafil is a tadalafil-related compound found in adulterated supplements. Analytical detection is well documented; human erectile-function benefit and safety are not. The claim of permanent PDE5 inhibition comes from a concern about its chemical structure, not a demonstrated human effect.
• Boldenone · tier F · a veterinary boldenone undecylenate horse drug with measured equine oil-depot PK, a small human oral metabolism study of the free parent, and no controlled human therapeutic program.
• Cardarine · tier F · Cardarine, or GW501516, is an unapproved PPAR-beta/delta agonist with short human lipid and fuel-use biomarker studies and severe chronic animal toxicology signals. It is not a SARM.
• Clenbuterol · tier F · A healthy-men trial found a short lean-mass gain with no fat loss or sprint benefit and lower aerobic capacity. Acute thermogenesis and muscle glucose uptake are real signals; controlled adverse effects and misuse toxicity make the healthy-use trade poor.
• Dihydroboldenone (1-testosterone) · tier F · Dihydroboldenone is the chemical 1-testosterone, a Schedule III anabolic steroid with no approval in any species. No controlled human study exists, and its only pharmacology paper recorded testosterone-propionate-level potency and a liver weight increase.
• Fenbendazole · tier F · Fenbendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate anthelmintic that FDA approves as an animal drug and that is not approved for use in people. Cell and mouse cancer results conflict, no controlled human cancer study exists, and case reports describe severe liver injury after self-sourced veterinary use.
• FLGR242 · tier F · FLGR242 is a seller name for a claimed follistatin-albumin construct. The seller now publishes partial specifications, but the complete construct and independent characterization remain unresolved.
• follistatin 344 · tier F · myostatin biology is real. retail injectable follistatin-344 has zero human performance trials and major product-quality concerns.
• IGF-1 DES · tier F · IGF-1 DES, or des(1-3)IGF-1, is a naturally occurring N-terminal truncation of IGF-1. No controlled human study exists and nothing tests it for tendon, ligament or muscle repair; in rats it was cleared about four times faster than intact IGF-1, and transgenic overexpression produced mammary tumors in mice.
• igf-1 lr3 · tier F · a free-circulating IGF-1 analog for muscle growth. sustained IGF-1 elevation carries one of the clearer cancer-risk signals in the literature.
• Methasterone · tier F · Methasterone (Superdrol) is an oral anabolic steroid that is a Schedule III controlled substance in the US, with no approved medical use. No controlled human trial was found, and the published record is case reports and a 52-case review of cholestatic liver injury and kidney injury.
• Mibolerone · tier F · Mibolerone is a 19-nor androgen whose only approval in the US record is veterinary, for preventing estrus in female dogs. It has never been studied in a person, and the dog and cat studies record masculinizing, thyroid and ovarian tumor findings.
• nortadalafil · tier F · Nortadalafil is a distinct tadalafil-related compound and synthetic intermediate detected in sexual-enhancement products. Its analytical identity is better established than its biological potency or clinical benefit. Tadalafil’s efficacy and approval do not transfer to it.
• Phenibut · tier F · Phenibut is a baclofen-related Russian prescription medicine that is also sold as a supplement in the US. No placebo-controlled trial supports the anxiety and sleep claim, while dependence, severe withdrawal and poison-center exposures are well documented.
• RAD-140 · tier F · RAD-140 has human target engagement and two early oncology programs, including a 2025 result with reformulated vosilasarm. Healthy muscle and performance outcomes are absent, while clinical liver signals and unreliable retail identity remain.
• RGPU-95 · tier F · RGPU-95 is a research code sold as para-chlorophenylpiracetam for stimulant-like cognitive effects. The code reaches that structure only through secondary pages, and the single PubMed paper is a Russian rat abstract on anxiety and depression behavior that gives no structure, dose or numbers.
• tesamorelin + CJC-1295 + ipamorelin · tier F · a three-peptide GH-axis blend with no located direct study, whose CJC variant, component forms, and ratio must be known before even its duration can be described.
• Tianeptine · tier F · Tianeptine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist in cell assays and a prescription antidepressant in France. FDA says it is not approved for any medical use in the US, and poison-center, case-series and regulatory reports document dependence, withdrawal and severe toxicity from products sold as supplements.
• Trenbolone · tier F · Trenbolone is a 19-nor anabolic-androgenic steroid used underground, usually as an injectable product labeled acetate or enanthate, for muscle, strength, recomposition, and a harder or drier look. Current US approval is only for cattle ear implants.
• Turinabol · tier F · Turinabol is metandienone (Dianabol) with a chlorine at position 4, developed by Jenapharm in the 1960s. Its human record is pharmacokinetics and excretion, with no controlled efficacy trial, plus one case report of testicular leiomyosarcoma.
• YK-11 · tier F · YK-11 is a steroidal androgen-receptor research chemical, not a peptide. It is commonly marketed as an oral capsule for muscle and strength, but its human record covers metabolite detection and one doping-control sample, not efficacy or safety.

comparisons

• semaglutide vs tirzepatide
• orforglipron vs semaglutide
• orforglipron vs tirzepatide
• survodutide vs retatrutide
• mazdutide vs survodutide
• cagrilintide vs cagrisema
• humanin vs mots-c
• retatrutide vs tirzepatide
• bpc-157 vs tb-500
• ghk-cu vs bpc-157
• ipamorelin vs cjc-1295
• sermorelin vs ipamorelin
• cjc-1295 vs sermorelin
• melanotan i vs melanotan-ii
• thymosin α-1 vs tb-500
• ghrp-2 vs ghrp-6
• glow vs klow
• tesamorelin vs sermorelin
• ghk-cu vs ahk-cu
• pt-141 vs melanotan-ii
• hcg vs gonadorelin
• semax vs selank
• mots-c vs ss-31
• liraglutide vs semaglutide
• cagrisema vs tirzepatide
• aod 9604 vs semaglutide
• cjc+ipa blend vs tesamorelin
• igf-1 lr3 vs hgh
• follistatin 344 vs cjc+ipa blend
• kpv vs bpc-157
• bpc+tb blend vs ghk-cu
• kisspeptin-10 vs pt-141
• epithalon vs ss-31
• 5-amino-1mq vs mots-c
• pinealon vs epithalon
• snap-8 vs ghk-cu
• dihexa vs semax
• dsip vs selank
• testosterone vs hgh
• ATX-304 (formerly O304) vs SLU-PP-332
• ATX-304 (formerly O304) vs SANA (MVD1)
• FLGR242 vs follistatin 344
• FLGR242 vs igf-1 lr3
• BAM15 vs 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)
• BAM15 vs SANA (MVD1)
• BAM15 vs 5-amino-1mq
• 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) vs semaglutide
• bromantane vs Noopept (omberacetam; GVS-111)
• bromantane vs semax
• Noopept (omberacetam; GVS-111) vs semax
• Oxandrolone vs Stanozolol
• Oxandrolone vs Oxymetholone
• Methenolone vs Oxandrolone
• Methenolone vs Drostanolone
• Drostanolone vs Stanozolol
• Nandrolone vs Trenbolone
• Nandrolone vs Boldenone
• Trenbolone vs Boldenone
• Methandienone vs Oxymetholone
• Methandienone vs Stanozolol
• YK-11 vs testosterone
• YK-11 vs Oxandrolone
• testosterone vs Nandrolone
• testosterone vs Oxandrolone
• Cartalax vs bpc-157
• Cartalax vs kpv
• tesamorelin + CJC-1295 + ipamorelin vs cjc+ipa blend
• tesamorelin + CJC-1295 + ipamorelin vs tesa+ipa blend
• L-carnitine vs Metformin
• Methylene blue vs Modafinil
• Abaloparatide vs Mecasermin
• Enclomiphene vs testosterone
• RU58841 vs Finasteride
• Estradiol vs testosterone
• Ibutamoren vs ipamorelin
• Finasteride vs Dutasteride
• Mecasermin vs igf-1 lr3
• Bimagrumab vs Enobosarm
• Enobosarm vs Ligandrol
• Minoxidil vs Finasteride
• Cardarine vs 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)
• Ligandrol vs testosterone
• Tesofensine vs semaglutide
• Rapamycin vs Metformin
• Modafinil vs bromantane
• Menotropins vs hcg
• oxytocin vs pt-141
• NAD+ vs mots-c
• gonadorelin vs triptorelin
• tb-500 vs tb-500 frag
• aod 9604 vs hgh frag 176-191
• ghk-cu vs glutathione
• SLU-PP-332 vs SLU-PP-915
• tirzepatide vs brenipatide
• bpc-157 vs larazotide
• ghk-cu vs ghk-cu + bpc blend
• bpc-157 vs bpc-157 + kpv blend
• sermorelin vs sermorelin + GHRP-2
• insulin vs igf-1 lr3
• tadalafil vs pt-141
• cagrilintide vs eloralintide
• semax vs pe-22-28
• epithalon vs vilon
• thymosin α-1 vs thymalin
• ss-31 vs cibinetide
• larazotide vs vip
• semax vs cerebrolysin

claim checks

• does BPC-157 help tendon healing?
• does TB-500 help injury recovery?
• does GHK-Cu help hair growth?
• does the CJC-1295 + ipamorelin stack make sense?
• does ipamorelin improve sleep?
• does sermorelin increase growth hormone?
• does AOD-9604 work for weight loss?
• does melanotan 2 tan skin safely?
• is retatrutide the strongest weight-loss peptide?
• is tirzepatide stronger than semaglutide for weight loss?
• is there a safe dose of DNP for weight loss?
• is BAM15 a safe version of DNP?
• does FLGR242 have a 19-day half-life?
• are bromantane and Noopept proven cognitive enhancers for healthy people?
• are the oral 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids liver-safe?
• can one anabolic steroid half-life be used for another ester or formulation?
• is trenbolone safety well studied in humans?
• did YK-11 cause the published liver injury case?
• does Cartalax repair human cartilage?
• does a tesamorelin CJC ipamorelin blend have a one-week half-life?
• are ATX-304 and SANA proven human weight-loss drugs?

free editorial

• The Beginning of the End for RUO
• The FDA just voted on seven peptides
• Peptides for Dummies
• Bac water is short right now. What matters is what people do next
• The documents say no. The room says yes
• a clean mechanism is not a drug: brenipatide and larazotide
• how to read a COA without a chemistry degree
• the FDA-approved semaglutide titration schedule (Wegovy and Ozempic)
• semaglutide for weight loss
• semaglutide vs ozempic vs wegovy: same drug, different labels
• semaglutide side effects: what the trial record actually shows
• semaglutide cost: list prices, insurance, and the 503B fight
• semaglutide mistakes: 10 failure modes in the trial record
• the GLP-1 alcohol story just got real
• wait, so the tb-500 i think i'm getting is usually just thymosin beta-4?
• the month foundayo landed
• obesity got a new king
• the staff said no
• six yeses, zero approvals
• six lawsuits, no product
• a trial, a bill, and a raid

research reference only. not medical advice.