reptides, the research peptide wiki

reptides is the independent peptide research wiki. 153 peptides and compounds graded S to F by published evidence, with 3,140 cited sources, practical route records, human evidence, and safety context. zero peptide-vendor affiliate links.

153 peptides and compounds · 3,140 cited sources · 107 comparisons · 21 claim checks · 11 guides

guides

peptides for weight loss · the strongest obesity outcomes sit in the incretin class, while non-incretin human trials and high-risk research compounds need separate evidence lanes.
peptides for muscle growth · recombinant hGH has the deepest peptide-adjacent human record on this page, and what that record documents is lean mass rather than strength. the androgen lane has different biology, evidence, and risks, so it is mapped separately rather than folded into a peptide ranking.
peptides for healing · the healing-peptide shelf is built on rodent data. zero compounds in this category have a phase-3 tendon or wound-repair indication.
peptides for growth hormone · the actual hormone, an approved IGF-1 replacement, then secretagogues with different evidence and regulatory records.
peptides for skin · ghk-cu is the only skin peptide with a fifty-year mechanistic file. everything else on this page is a smaller bet.
peptides for hair growth · the direct benchmark lane includes minoxidil and oral 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors; copper peptides and RU58841 answer different evidence questions.
peptides for libido · one peptide cleared fda for low libido in women. central melanocortin, not vascular.
peptides for focus · semax and selank are russian-academy prescription drugs with three decades of clinical use. dihexa is a wsu rodent paper with a c-met problem. those are not the same category.
peptides for longevity · longevity is where peptide marketing runs furthest ahead of the data. claims ranked by evidence quality.
peptides for tanning · two peptides drive cosmetic tanning at the melanocortin receptors. one has an FDA approval for a rare photosensitivity disorder; the other is the community default that everyone actually uses.
androgens + anabolics · androgens are not peptides. this page compares the depth and limits of their evidence, not what a person should take.

peptides and compounds

Abaloparatide · tier S · Abaloparatide is an FDA-approved subcutaneous bone-anabolic peptide for high-risk osteoporosis. It reduced vertebral fractures in studied postmenopausal women; it is not an adult-height intervention.
Estradiol · tier S · Estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen and an FDA-approved drug across multiple distinct formulations. Oral, transdermal, vaginal, valerate, and cypionate records are not interchangeable.
Finasteride · tier S · Finasteride is an oral type-II 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor with an FDA-approved male-pattern-hair-loss indication in men and large randomized hair-count trials.
ghk-cu · tier S · the copper peptide with the strongest skin evidence in the catalog. topical record first, injectable story thinner.
hcg · tier S · A placental glycoprotein hormone that activates the LH receptor. Product form and labeled route matter.
hgh · tier S · growth hormone. banned in sports, standard at every anti-aging clinic, expensive. works, with trade-offs.
Levothyroxine · tier S · Levothyroxine replaces T4 when the thyroid cannot supply enough. That earns its S grade. People with normal thyroid tests have not shown the same energy or cognitive benefit, and persistent symptoms during treatment need more explanation than a normal TSH alone.
liraglutide · tier S · A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist sold under separate Saxenda and Victoza labels.
Mecasermin · tier S · Mecasermin is recombinant human IGF-1 approved as subcutaneous Increlex for a narrow pediatric severe-primary-IGF-1-deficiency indication. It is not a general height, adult-wellness, or muscle drug.
Menotropins · tier S · Current US Menopur is a subcutaneous urinary menotropins product for developing multiple follicles and pregnancy in ovulatory women during an ART cycle. It is fertility medicine, not sexual-performance or hormone-optimization treatment.
Minoxidil · tier S · Minoxidil has separate evidence lanes: FDA-reviewed topical products for pattern hair loss and an oral tablet labeled for severe hypertension. Oral hair use is off-label.
orforglipron · tier S · foundayo. the first non-peptide small-molecule oral GLP-1 receptor agonist. a once-daily pill, no injection, FDA-approved april 2026 for chronic weight management.
Oxandrolone · tier S · Anavar is oral oxandrolone, an anabolic-androgenic steroid used in bodybuilding for muscle, strength, and a leaner or harder look.
Oxymetholone · tier S · an oral 17-alpha-alkylated anemia drug with legal FDA approval but no active US marketing, controlled human lean-mass data, severe dose-related hepatic toxicity, and animal-only terminal half-life.
retatrutide · tier S · the most potent weight loss drug ever tested. 24.2% in phase 2, then 28.3% in TRIUMPH-1 phase 3, 30.3% at two years. not approved yet.
semaglutide · tier S · A GLP-1 receptor agonist with current US injection and oral products for distinct labeled uses.
tadalafil · tier S · this is cialis, the erection pill. the same molecule does three jobs. it helps men with erectile dysfunction get an erection, it eases the urinary symptoms of an enlarged prostate, and at 40 mg, under the name adcirca, it treats high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. a pde5 inhibitor with a 17.5-hour mean half-life, two decades of approved human trials, and a research channel selling two other molecules under its name.
Telmisartan · tier S · Telmisartan is a long-acting blood-pressure medicine with large cardiovascular outcome trials. Its metabolic evidence is mixed: some small studies in insulin-resistant patients found benefits, while other trials were neutral. It has no established role as a fat-loss drug or protection against every cardiovascular effect of anabolic steroids.
tesamorelin · tier S · the FDA-approved injection that targets visceral fat. the dangerous kind.
testosterone · tier S · the male sex hormone. the approved products replace it in men whose own production has failed, and above that range the same molecule adds muscle and strength with no training at all. schedule iii controlled substance in the us. educational record only, not medical advice.
tirzepatide · tier S · A dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with distinct Zepbound and Mounjaro labels.
Albuterol · tier A · Albuterol, also called salbutamol, reliably opens narrowed airways. Oral exposure has also increased sprint power and lean mass in small human trials. Those gains came with physiological trade-offs, including weaker aerobic training adaptations; ordinary inhaler studies often found no performance benefit.
armodafinil · tier A · Armodafinil treats excessive sleepiness and preserves vigilance during acute sleep loss. It does not replace sleep or establish better cognition in rested healthy people.
Bimagrumab · tier A · Bimagrumab is an investigational activin type II receptor antibody with randomized intravenous evidence for reducing body weight and fat mass while preserving or increasing lean mass. FDA's July 2026 Purple Book data snapshot had no bimagrumab or listed development-identifier entry when checked on August 15, 2026.
bpc-157 · tier A · the contested repair peptide. strong animal data, thin human trials, huge community gravity.
bpc-157 + kpv blend · tier A · gut and systemic anti-inflammatory repair. bpc-157 carries the blend, kpv adds the NF-kB anti-inflammatory leg. strong mechanism, thinner human proof on the second component.
bpc+tb blend · tier A · the wolverine stack. bpc-157 + tb-500. coherent repair logic, heavy clinic folklore, zero controlled trials on the blend.
cjc-1295 · tier A · growth hormone without injecting growth hormone. tells your pituitary to make its own. paired with ipamorelin.
cjc+ipa blend · tier A · clinic-standard GH-axis pairing. cjc-1295 + ipamorelin. receptor logic first, blend trial evidence still thin.
Clomiphene · tier A · Clomiphene has live-birth evidence for selected female ovulatory infertility and reliably raises hormones in many selected low-testosterone men. Male symptoms, pregnancy outcomes, post-AAS recovery, and healthy performance remain weak or unproved.
Dutasteride · tier A · Dutasteride inhibits type-I and type-II 5-alpha-reductase. Two randomized oral trials support male androgenetic-alopecia outcomes, but US Avodart approval is for BPH, not hair loss.
ghk-cu + bpc blend · tier A · the surface-and-structure repair pairing. ghk-cu rebuilds skin and collagen, bpc-157 works on connective tissue and gut. component evidence first, fixed-blend trial evidence absent.
glow · tier A · klow without kpv. ghk-cu, bpc-157 and tb-500, with ghk-cu dominant by weight.
klow · tier A · four-peptide clinic blend for skin, hair, collagen, and recovery. component logic first; blend evidence still missing.
L-carnitine · tier A · Levocarnitine is an endogenous fatty-acid carrier with approved deficiency indications and modest, inconsistent weight-loss evidence. The approved injection is intravenous and indication-specific.
Lemborexant · tier A · Lemborexant has replicated adult-insomnia efficacy. It can impair cognition during the active night window, and one small 2026 shift-worker trial reported sleep-linked cognitive recovery.
Liothyronine · tier A · Liothyronine is active T3. It has clinical replacement uses, mixed evidence for persistent thyroid symptoms and depression augmentation, and clear effects on energy metabolism. Those effects do not establish healthy cognitive enhancement or fat loss that preserves muscle.
mazdutide · tier A · the GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist approved in China. ~14% weight loss in GLORY-1 phase 3 at 48 weeks, ~20% at the higher dose. not FDA-approved.
Methylene blue · tier A · Methylene blue is a redox-active phenothiazinium drug. Its FDA approval treats acquired methemoglobinemia; cognition evidence is a small acute experiment, not a chronic nootropic program.
Modafinil · tier A · Modafinil is an oral Schedule IV wake-promoting drug approved for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift-work disorder. Those indications do not establish broad cognitive enhancement in rested healthy people.
Nandrolone · tier A · Deca and NPP are injectable nandrolone esters. People seek them for mass, strength, and joint comfort, but those three claims do not have the same evidence.
Nebivolol · tier A · Nebivolol lowers blood pressure through beta1 blockade and nitric-oxide-linked vasodilation. Compared with some older beta blockers, it can better preserve erectile function and metabolic measures. That is a useful clinical distinction; evidence for boosting healthy libido, testosterone or athletic performance is much weaker.
piracetam · tier A · Piracetam has a narrow supported use in cortical myoclonus. Healthy-memory evidence is fragile, and a 676-person one-year MCI trial was null.
pt-141 · tier A · the FDA-approved sex peptide for acquired generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. off-label male use is a separate evidence lane.
ss-31 · tier A · the first mitochondria-targeted peptide drug. FDA-approved september 2025. for Barth syndrome, studied for heart failure.
survodutide · tier A · Investigational GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist. In a phase 3 obesity trial, mean weight loss was 13.0% versus 5.4% with placebo at 76 weeks. Separate trials studied MASH and liver fibrosis.
tb-500 · tier A · names a 7-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4, but the vial you buy is a coin toss: fragment, full-length protein, or mislabeled. the COA mass is the only thing that knows.
tesa+ipa blend · tier A · the GH-axis pairing built on the one GHRH leg that carries an FDA approval, tesamorelin, run alongside ipamorelin. the components are strong, the use is off-label, and the blend itself has no trial.
Alpha-GPC · tier B · Alpha-GPC has short-term symptomatic cognition evidence in Alzheimer disease and amnestic MCI. Healthy cognition and sports studies are small and inconsistent, and a large observational stroke association remains unresolved.
ATX-304 (formerly O304) · tier B · an investigational oral AMPK activator with one small randomized diabetes trial, a newer obesity pilot, and an animal pharmacokinetic curve that cannot establish a human dosing interval.
bromantane · tier B · a Russian antiasthenic CNS drug with older human studies in illness-related fatigue, incomplete modern replication, no traceable primary human half-life source, and in-competition WADA prohibition.
cagrilintide · tier B · novo's long-acting amylin analog. 11.8% standalone weight loss in the phase-3 REDEFINE-1 trial (10.8% earlier in phase 2). the filed product is the cagrisema combo, not the monotherapy.
cagrisema · tier B · semaglutide + cagrilintide. first fixed-dose GLP-1 + amylin combo. FDA review underway 2026.
Drostanolone · tier B · a historical dromostanolone propionate breast-cancer drug with small human oncology series, no valid systemic half-life, and no current approved human product located.
eloralintide · tier B · a weight-loss drug eli lilly is still testing, given in trials as a once-a-week injection under the skin. it copies amylin, the fullness hormone the pancreas releases with insulin at a meal. 20% weight loss at 48 weeks in one 263-person phase 2, and 64.3% nausea in the fixed 6 mg arm. five phase 3 trials are enrolling and none reads out before 2028.
Enclomiphene · tier B · Enclomiphene is the trans isomer of clomiphene and an oral selective estrogen-receptor modulator studied in men with secondary hypogonadism. Its strongest results are hormone and sperm surrogate endpoints.
kisspeptin-10 · tier B · kisspeptin-family pharmacology with real HSDD and fertility signals. the strongest human trials used kisspeptin-54, not the KP-10 vial market.
kpv · tier B · tiny three-amino-acid peptide for inflammation. IBD, eczema, autoimmune. none of α-MSH's tanning or appetite side effects.
L-oxiracetam · tier B · IV L-oxiracetam improved one day-90 cognitive battery after acute traumatic brain injury; daily function, global recovery and healthy oral cognition remain unproved.
Mesterolone · tier B · Mesterolone has a regulated tablet and several human trials. Controlled infertility results are negative or inconclusive, testosterone undecanoate beat it on short symptom outcomes, and no human trial supports muscle, performance, aromatase-inhibition, or post-AAS claims.
Methandienone · tier B · an oral 17-alpha-methyl androgen with an old controlled weightlifter trial, withdrawn US approvals for lack of substantial efficacy evidence, and no validated systemic half-life.
Methenolone · tier B · a non-17-alpha-alkylated androgen with a current Japanese oral acetate label, historical injectable enanthate use, and no validated systemic half-life for either formulation.
mots-c · tier B · mitochondrial peptide your body makes during exercise. restores metabolic health in mice. never given to a person in a trial.
NAD+ · tier B · not a peptide. the cofactor your mitochondria run on. IV drips are the longevity-clinic staple despite thin clinical evidence.
Noopept (omberacetam; GVS-111) · tier B · omberacetam, a small-molecule cognitive drug sold as a registered 10 mg oral tablet in Russia. the cited human signal comes from one small patient comparison, not a healthy-user trial.
oxytocin · tier B · the 'love hormone.' FDA-approved for labor since 1962. off-label for bonding, anxiety, and sexual function.
SANA (MVD1) · tier B · an investigational nitroalkene small molecule that targets creatine-kinase-dependent thermogenesis, with mouse fat-loss data, a small exploratory 15-day human weight signal, and a high-dose renal safety signal in phase 1.
selank · tier B · russian anti-anxiety peptide. head-to-head benzodiazepine trials, lighter sedation signal, thin Western long-term data.
Seltorexant · tier B · Seltorexant has short objective insomnia efficacy and a modest phase 3 depression result, but remained investigational; its cognition signal is post-hoc against quetiapine.
semax · tier B · russian nootropic. approved there, not here. for focus, stroke recovery, and cognitive decline. real mechanism, thin US trials.
sermorelin · tier B · Sermorelin is amidated GHRH(1-29). Its direct efficacy record is pediatric, while current adult sleep, recovery, and body-composition claims remain unproven.
Stanozolol · tier B · Winstrol is stanozolol, an oral or injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid. People seek it for strength and a harder, drier look.
Tesofensine · tier B · Tesofensine is an investigational monoamine-reuptake inhibitor with randomized oral weight-loss evidence and a material integrity caveat attached to its central trial report.
thymosin α-1 · tier B · thymic immune peptide. approved abroad for hepatitis B. used stateside for generic 'immune support.'
Trestolone · tier B · Trestolone, or MENT, has direct human androgen, replacement and sperm-suppression data, plus a large historical breast-cancer trial. That establishes potent human activity. No controlled study located measured healthy-human muscle gain or athletic performance, and the male implant trials exposed important problems with release, sexual function and blood pressure.
5-amino-1mq · tier C · 5-amino-1MQ is a small molecule NNMT inhibitor, not a peptide. People seek it for fat loss, but every administration and outcome study located for this review was in animals.
ahk-cu · tier C · copper tripeptide for hair growth, riding GHK-Cu's reputation. thinner evidence, bigger marketing.
aniracetam · tier C · Aniracetam has mixed disease-specific cognition evidence: one old Alzheimer signal, a substantive controlled null, and no healthy-rested enhancement trial.
BAM15 · tier C · a preclinical mitochondrial protonophore that reduced fat gain and improved metabolic measures in mice, with no human exposure, dose-finding, or safety study.
brenipatide · tier C · Brenipatide, Lilly code LY3537031, is a modified 39 amino acid peptide that activates both GIP and GLP-1 receptors. The registry has 11 records indexed under Brenipatide and 5 earlier LY3537031-only registrations. None of the 16 has posted results.
Cartalax · tier C · an identity-gated Ala-Glu-Asp tripeptide with cell and animal work plus one poorly reported, 29-person saline-controlled human example in an assignee patent, but no independent peer-reviewed replication or measured pharmacokinetic curve.
dsip · tier C · isolated 1977 as a sleep peptide. 50 years of trials, no clinical breakthrough. community uses it anyway.
epithalon · tier C · russian longevity peptide. one lab. one cohort. the lifespan claims have never been replicated.
gonadorelin · tier C · Native-sequence GnRH with real historical pump and diagnostic uses. Pulse timing determines whether the signal works.
hgh frag 176-191 · tier C · HGH fragment 176-191. sold as 'fat loss without growth.' the AOD9604 trial that tested this idea failed.
humanin · tier C · a 24-amino-acid peptide your mitochondria encode. cytoprotective and metabolic biology in cells and rodents. zero interventional human trials.
ipamorelin · tier C · Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist. People seek it for sleep, recovery, and body composition, but direct human studies measured an acute intravenous GH pulse and a negative ileus outcome.
ITPP · tier C · ITPP changes hemoglobin oxygen affinity and has published human PK and safety data from a 28-person cancer study. A separate phase II respiratory-failure trial is registered as ended, but its results were not retrieved. Human athletic benefit remains unestablished; the oncology infusion caused frequent calcium abnormalities.
Ligandrol · tier C · Ligandrol, LGD-4033, or VK5211 is an unapproved androgen-receptor SARM with measured human PK, short lean-mass and hormone effects, and delayed registry-only hip-fracture results.
melanotan i · tier C · approved as Scenesse for one rare skin condition. used off-label for tanning. long-term safety, unknown.
melanotan-ii · tier C · skin tanning without sun. also triggers sexual arousal. both off-label. both widely used.
NMN · tier C · Oral NMN reliably raises circulating NAD-related measures. Selected metabolic and physical-function results are narrow and inconsistent; pooled muscle and broad metabolic outcomes are mostly null. Human cognition, hormone restoration and longevity have not been shown.
pe-22-28 · tier C · a seven amino acid peptide researched as an antidepressant, so far only in mice and in cells. three papers, one lab, zero humans, and the 23 hour duration printed on vendor pages was measured on a different molecule.
phenylpiracetam · tier C · Phenylpiracetam has selected positive attention and fatigue results in patient trials, large uncontrolled clinical cohorts and thin healthy-performance reports. Several mood, sleep, fatigue and cognitive endpoints were null.
pinealon · tier C · epithalon's sister from the same russian lab. neuroprotection claims, even thinner data.
PQQ · tier C · PQQ disodium has four small modern cognition RCTs with mixed, test-specific results and one access-limited physical-function trial. Direct exercise performance and broad metabolic outcomes include nulls, and no human longevity result exists.
pramiracetam · tier C · Pramiracetam has small human studies in brain injury, age-related memory complaints and scopolamine-induced amnesia. A 10-person Alzheimer study failed to reproduce most apparent initial responses, and healthy everyday enhancement remains unproven.
Pregnenolone · tier C · Oral pregnenolone raises parent and downstream neurosteroids. Healthy mood, anxiety and cognition measures were largely null; a short back-pain trial and selected psychiatric outcomes were positive. Hormone optimization and longevity remain unproved.
RU58841 · tier C · RU58841 is a topical nonsteroidal androgen-receptor antagonist research chemical with macaque and human-scalp-graft signals, plus two completed human-study registrations without published results.
SLU-PP-332 · tier C · SLU-PP-332 is a small-molecule pan-ERR agonist with mouse endurance and metabolic results, ex vivo human myoblast work, no oral bioavailability, and no human administration study.
SLU-PP-915 · tier C · SLU-PP-915 is a small-molecule pan-ERR agonist with mouse oral activity, an 18-to-28-minute mouse oral half-life, and no human administration data.
tb-500 frag · tier C · the 7-amino-acid core of TB-500. half the price. half the data.
triptorelin · tier C · A GnRH agonist with strong depot-suppression evidence and one uncontrolled non-depot restart case.
1,4-DMAA · tier D · 1,4-DMAA is a distinct stimulant isomer detected in sports and weight-loss supplements. Independent product analyses establish that exposure occurs; they do not establish human performance, fat loss or safety. Findings from 1,3-DMAA cannot be assigned to it wholesale.
adamax · tier D · a marketed nootropic name whose exact chemical identity is not established by a cited primary characterisation. scoped PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov searches found no exact-compound record.
aod 9604 · tier D · HGH fragment. went to phase 2b for obesity. failed. the data says it doesn't work.
cerebrolysin · tier D · a liquid made from pig brain, dripped into a vein in hospital after a stroke or in dementia. thousands of randomised patients have been given it. every dose in every trial is measured in millilitres, because the ampoule holds a mixture and there is no single molecule to weigh, and the only published identity test is a fingerprint match against a reference sample.
chloropropanoylpretadalafil · tier D · Chloropropanoylpretadalafil was characterized in a supplement by FDA forensic chemists. The available evidence establishes an unusual tadalafil-related structure, without demonstrated PDE5 potency, human PK or erectile benefit. A repository citation mismatch must not be mistaken for a second study.
cibinetide · tier D · eleven amino acids copied from erythropoietin, the hormone that tells the body to make more red blood cells. the copy keeps the half of that hormone which protects injured tissue and leaves the red cells alone. vendors label it ARA-290. six published human trials, five of them randomised, and two primary endpoints that separated.
coluracetam · tier D · Coluracetam’s only randomized mood trial was null overall. Its healthy-user evidence is one uncontrolled case with no significant objective cognitive change.
dihexa · tier D · rodent nootropic with zero human trials and a mechanism that's a named oncology concern.
Enobosarm · tier D · Enobosarm, also called ostarine or GTx-024, is an unapproved androgen-receptor SARM with short lean-mass signals and split registry-posted phase 3 lean-mass and function results.
fasoracetam · tier D · Fasoracetam’s early pediatric ADHD signal did not survive the wider controlled program; no healthy-rested cognitive benefit has been tested.
fladrafinil · tier D · Fladrafinil converts to flmodafinil in people, but its only modern human study measured analytes after one dose and no appraisable efficacy trial exists.
flmodafinil · tier D · Flmodafinil’s human evidence is a six-person metabolism study with no benefit or tolerability outcome; controlled wakefulness evidence belongs to an R-enantiomer mouse study.
ghrp-2 · tier D · first-gen GH releaser. works. also spikes cortisol, prolactin, and hunger. ipamorelin replaced it.
ghrp-6 · tier D · older sibling of GHRP-2. even more appetite, same cortisol issues. ipamorelin made it obsolete.
glutathione · tier D · the endogenous redox tripeptide. used for antioxidant, liver, immune, wellness-IV, and skin-brightening claims. route decides the evidence.
GW-0742 · tier D · GW-0742 activates PPAR-beta/delta and changes metabolism in cells and animals. In the commonly cited trained-mouse experiment, GW-0742 alone did not significantly improve running time; the large endurance result belonged to its combination with AICAR. No verified human efficacy or pharmacokinetic study was located.
Ibutamoren · tier D · Ibutamoren is an unapproved oral ghrelin-receptor agonist that raises endogenous GH and IGF-1. Older-adult trials found a lean-mass signal without a reliable strength or function benefit.
J147 · tier D · J147 has a substantial animal research record, including memory experiments in normal rodents, injury models and fly lifespan. A completed 64-person oral phase I trial still has no posted results, and an intravenous stroke trial is recruiting. The human benefit and PK questions remain open.
larazotide · tier D · larazotide acetate (AT-1001) is an eight-amino-acid oral tight-junction regulator. a celiac phase 2b found a symptom benefit at 0.5 mg three times daily, but the pivotal phase 3 was terminated after an interim sample-size review and posted no results.
LGD-2226 · tier D · LGD-2226 is a distinct androgen-receptor modulator with rodent muscle, bone-strength and sexual-behavior findings. Those studies support biological activity and some tissue selectivity, but no verified human efficacy or PK program was located. Results for other LGD compounds do not fill that gap.
LGD-3303 · tier D · LGD-3303 has detailed rat evidence for androgen-receptor activity, muscle growth and bone effects. Tissue selectivity held across different exposure patterns in those experiments. Human muscle gain, PK, endocrine recovery and safety remain unverified.
Metformin · tier D · Metformin is an established type 2 diabetes drug. Its diabetes outcomes do not establish healthy-human lifespan, healthspan, cognition, or muscle benefit, and randomized geroscience trials have been null or unfavorable on their primary claims.
MID-35 · tier D · MID-35 is an experimental D-peptide that inhibits myostatin-related signaling. Small mouse studies found local muscle growth, and a cancer-cachexia model also found better grip strength with MID-35 alone. No verified human administration, PK or safety study was located.
MK-777 · tier D · MK-777 is a marketed name often associated with acetamoren. Acetamoren does have a supplier chemical record and batch certificate. A verified link between that record and the MK-777 development code, plus primary pharmacology or clinical evidence, was not established.
nefiracetam · tier D · A selected post-stroke apathy signal was followed by a null 13-person trial; the parent depression trial and revised Japanese pivotal program were negative.
oxiracetam · tier D · A 500-person, 36-week trial found no post-stroke cognitive benefit from oxiracetam; older dementia and scopolamine-rescue signals do not show healthy enhancement.
Rapamycin · tier D · Rapamycin and sirolimus are the same active substance. Product-specific sirolimus approvals and mouse lifespan results do not establish healthy-human longevity or cognitive benefit.
sermorelin + GHRP-2 · tier D · This is a two-peptide combination of sermorelin and GHRP-2. One acute IV crossover found an additive GH response, not demonstrated synergy.
snap-8 · tier D · acetyl octapeptide-3. marketed as topical botox. the science doesn't hold up.
SR-9011 · tier D · SR-9011 changes clock signaling, wakefulness and metabolism in experimental systems. Small mouse studies found higher oxygen consumption and lower fat mass, but many larger claims come from SR9009 or combination experiments. No verified human administration or PK study was located.
thymalin · tier D · a drug made from calf thymus glands, sold for immune support and to slow ageing. registered in the ussr in 1982 and never once entered into a trial registry. the largest human dataset belongs to the two men who made it.
Vesugen · tier D · Vesugen is the short peptide KED. Russian human reports include vascular symptoms, cognition and combined work-ability or geroprotection programs; their designs do not establish a reliable isolated-KED benefit. Cell and mouse findings are more extensive, with selective positive results and important nulls.
vilon · tier D · two amino acids from a russian lab, lysine joined to glutamic acid, sold on an anti-ageing claim. nobody has registered a trial of it in any registry checked, the three human papers state no sample size, and the strongest animal study reports more tumours.
vip · tier D · a chemical the body makes in its own gut, lungs and nerves to widen blood vessels and relax the muscle in the walls of airways and gut. drug companies made a synthetic copy of it and took it into trials for damaged lungs. four randomized trials in COVID-19 respiratory failure, a 665-patient meta-analysis, and a plasma half-time of about one minute. the biggest trial was stopped for futility. the one trial that clearly beat placebo is for erectile dysfunction, an indication nobody researches it for.
1,3-DMAA · tier F · 1,3-DMAA is a stimulant with more human research than a regulatory warning alone suggests. A small running trial found no benefit, an acute study found blood-pressure increases, and a 12-week study found no significant group-level abnormalities. Those small studies do not establish useful long-term performance or rare-event safety.
2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) · tier F · DNP is an oral small-molecule mitochondrial uncoupler, not a peptide. People seek it for rapid weight loss. The same mechanism can cause lethal hyperthermia and cardiovascular collapse.
Adrafinil · tier F · Adrafinil converts to modafinil and has an older placebo-controlled memory-complaint trial with a positive result. That trial omitted about a quarter of enrollees from its reported analysis, and modern human PK and safety data remain thin. France withdrew its authorization after an unfavorable benefit-risk review.
aminotadalafil · tier F · Aminotadalafil is a tadalafil-related compound found in adulterated supplements. Analytical detection is well documented; human erectile-function benefit and safety are not. The claim of permanent PDE5 inhibition comes from a concern about its chemical structure, not a demonstrated human effect.
Boldenone · tier F · a veterinary boldenone undecylenate horse drug with measured equine oil-depot PK, a small human oral metabolism study of the free parent, and no controlled human therapeutic program.
Cardarine · tier F · Cardarine, or GW501516, is an unapproved PPAR-beta/delta agonist with short human lipid and fuel-use biomarker studies and severe chronic animal toxicology signals. It is not a SARM.
Clenbuterol · tier F · A healthy-men trial found a short lean-mass gain with no fat loss or sprint benefit and lower aerobic capacity. Acute thermogenesis and muscle glucose uptake are real signals; controlled adverse effects and misuse toxicity make the healthy-use trade poor.
FLGR242 · tier F · FLGR242 is a seller name for a claimed follistatin-albumin construct. The seller now publishes partial specifications, but the complete construct and independent characterization remain unresolved.
follistatin 344 · tier F · myostatin biology is real. retail injectable follistatin-344 has zero human performance trials and major product-quality concerns.
igf-1 lr3 · tier F · a free-circulating IGF-1 analog for muscle growth. sustained IGF-1 elevation carries one of the clearer cancer-risk signals in the literature.
insulin · tier F · Insulin is the peptide hormone that controls blood glucose and an essential diabetes medicine. Bodybuilders use it hoping to drive nutrients into muscle, but controlled human work shows less muscle-protein breakdown, not a continuing rise in muscle-protein synthesis.
nortadalafil · tier F · Nortadalafil is a distinct tadalafil-related compound and synthetic intermediate detected in sexual-enhancement products. Its analytical identity is better established than its biological potency or clinical benefit. Tadalafil’s efficacy and approval do not transfer to it.
RAD-140 · tier F · RAD-140 has human target engagement and two early oncology programs, including a 2025 result with reformulated vosilasarm. Healthy muscle and performance outcomes are absent, while clinical liver signals and unreliable retail identity remain.
tesamorelin + CJC-1295 + ipamorelin · tier F · a three-peptide GH-axis blend with no located direct study, whose CJC variant, component forms, and ratio must be known before even its duration can be described.
Trenbolone · tier F · Trenbolone is a 19-nor anabolic-androgenic steroid used underground, usually as an injectable product labeled acetate or enanthate, for muscle, strength, recomposition, and a harder or drier look. Current US approval is only for cattle ear implants.
YK-11 · tier F · YK-11 is a steroidal androgen-receptor research chemical, not a peptide. It is commonly marketed as an oral capsule for muscle and strength, but its human record covers metabolite detection and one doping-control sample, not efficacy or safety.

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